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      Detecting Vital Signs with Wearable Wireless Sensors

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The emergence of wireless technologies and advancements in on-body sensor design can enable change in the conventional health-care system, replacing it with wearable health-care systems, centred on the individual. Wearable monitoring systems can provide continuous physiological data, as well as better information regarding the general health of individuals. Thus, such vital-sign monitoring systems will reduce health-care costs by disease prevention and enhance the quality of life with disease management. In this paper, recent progress in non-invasive monitoring technologies for chronic disease management is reviewed. In particular, devices and techniques for monitoring blood pressure, blood glucose levels, cardiac activity and respiratory activity are discussed; in addition, on-body propagation issues for multiple sensors are presented.

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          A direct comparison of wet, dry and insulating bioelectric recording electrodes.

          A. Searle, L Kirkup (2000)
          Alternatives to conventional wet electrode types are keenly sought for biomedical use and physiological research, especially when prolonged recording of biosignals is demanded. This paper describes a quantitative comparison of three types of bioelectrode (wet, dry and insulating) based on tests involving electrode impedance, static interference and motion artefact induced by various means. Data were collected simultaneously, and in the same physical environment for all electrode types. Results indicate that in many situations the performance of dry and insulating electrodes compares favourably with wet electrodes. The influence of non-stationary electric fields on shielded dry and insulating electrode types was compared to wet types. It was observed that interference experienced by dry and insulating electrode types was 40 dB and 34 dB less than that experienced by wet electrode types. Similarly, the effect of motion artefact on dry and insulating electrodes was compared to wet types. Artefact levels for dry and insulating electrodes were significantly higher than those for wet types at the beginning of trials conducted. By the end of the trial periods artefact levels for dry and insulating types were lower than wet electrodes by an average of 8.2 dB and 6.8 dB respectively. The reservations expressed in other studies regarding the viability of dry and insulating electrodes for reliable sensing of biosignals are not supported by the work described here.
          Article 0 comments Cited 147 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Home blood glucose biosensors: a commercial perspective.

            Jeff Newman, Anthony Turner (2005)
            Twenty years on from a review in the first issue of this journal, this contribution revisits glucose sensing for diabetes with an emphasis on commercial developments in the home blood glucose testing market. Following a brief introduction to the needs of people with diabetes, the review considers defining technologies that have enabled the introduction of commercial products and then reviews the products themselves. Drawing heavily on the performance of actual instruments and publicly available information from the companies themselves, this work is designed to complement more conventional reviews based on papers published in scholarly journals. It focuses on the commercial reality today and the products that we are likely to see in the near future.
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              Hyponatremia: evaluating the correction factor for hyperglycemia.

              T A Hillier, R D Abbott, E J Barrett (1999)
              There are no controlled experimental data that assess the accuracy of the commonly used correction factor of a 1.6 meq/L decrease in serum sodium concentration for every 100 mg/dL increase in plasma glucose concentration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate experimentally the hyponatremic response to acute hyperglycemia. Somatostatin was infused to block endogenous insulin secretion in 6 healthy subjects. Plasma glucose concentrations were increased to >600 mg/dL within 1 hour by infusing 20% dextrose. The glucose infusion was then stopped and insulin given until the plasma glucose concentration decreased to 140 mg/dL. Plasma glucose and serum sodium concentrations were measured every 10 minutes. Overall, the mean decrease in serum sodium concentration averaged 2.4 meq/L for every 100 mg/dL increase in glucose concentration. This value is significantly greater than the commonly used correction factor of 1.6 (P = 0.02). Moreover, the association between sodium and glucose concentrations was nonlinear. This was most apparent for glucose concentrations >400 mg/dL. Up to 400 mg/dL, the standard correction of 1.6 worked well, but if the glucose concentration was >400 mg/dL, a correction factor of 4.0 was better. These data indicate that the physiologic decrease in sodium concentration is considerably greater than the standard correction factor of 1.6 (meq/L Na per 100 mg/dL glucose), especially when the glucose concentration is >400 mg/dL. Additionally, a correction factor of a 2.4 meq/L decrease in sodium concentration per 100 mg/dL increase in glucose concentration is a better overall estimate of this association than the usual correction factor of 1.6.
              Article 0 comments Cited 130 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sensors (Basel)
                Title: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8220
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 December 2010
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 10837-10862
                Affiliations
                Department of Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK; E-Mail: tuba.yilmaz@ 123456elec.qmul.ac.uk (T.Y.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: yang.hao@ 123456eecs.qmul.ac.uk ; Tel.: +0044-20-7882-5341; Fax: +0044-20-7882-7997.
                Article
                Publisher ID: sensors-10-10837
                DOI: 10.3390/s101210837
                PMC ID: 3231103
                PubMed ID: 22163501
                SO-VID: 13c09f62-3eda-48f4-bf19-8ac775b8cadb
                Copyright © © 2010 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 18 October 2010
                Date revision received : 20 November 2010
                Date accepted : 25 November 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: on-body sensors,ban networks,wireless telemetry,wearable sensors,rf sensing
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: on-body sensors, ban networks, wireless telemetry, wearable sensors, rf sensing

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