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      A Systematic Review of Healthcare Applications for Smartphones

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          Abstract

          Background

          Advanced mobile communications and portable computation are now combined in handheld devices called “smartphones”, which are also capable of running third-party software. The number of smartphone users is growing rapidly, including among healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study was to classify smartphone-based healthcare technologies as discussed in academic literature according to their functionalities, and summarize articles in each category.

          Methods

          In April 2011, MEDLINE was searched to identify articles that discussed the design, development, evaluation, or use of smartphone-based software for healthcare professionals, medical or nursing students, or patients. A total of 55 articles discussing 83 applications were selected for this study from 2,894 articles initially obtained from the MEDLINE searches.

          Results

          A total of 83 applications were documented: 57 applications for healthcare professionals focusing on disease diagnosis (21), drug reference (6), medical calculators (8), literature search (6), clinical communication (3), Hospital Information System (HIS) client applications (4), medical training (2) and general healthcare applications (7); 11 applications for medical or nursing students focusing on medical education; and 15 applications for patients focusing on disease management with chronic illness (6), ENT-related (4), fall-related (3), and two other conditions (2). The disease diagnosis, drug reference, and medical calculator applications were reported as most useful by healthcare professionals and medical or nursing students.

          Conclusions

          Many medical applications for smartphones have been developed and widely used by health professionals and patients. The use of smartphones is getting more attention in healthcare day by day. Medical applications make smartphones useful tools in the practice of evidence-based medicine at the point of care, in addition to their use in mobile clinical communication. Also, smartphones can play a very important role in patient education, disease self-management, and remote monitoring of patients.

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          Most cited references74

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          Effect of mobile phone intervention for diabetes on glycaemic control: a meta-analysis.

          X Liang, Q. Wang, X. YANG … (2011)
            To assess the effect of mobile phone intervention on glycaemic control in diabetes self-management. We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) using the following terms: diabetes or diabetes mellitus and mobile phone or cellular phone, or text message. We also manually searched reference lists of relevant papers to identify additional studies. Clinical studies that used mobile phone intervention and reported changes in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c) ) values in patients with diabetes were reviewed. The study design, intervention methods, sample size and clinical outcomes were extracted from each trial. The results of the HbA(1c) change in the trials were pooled using meta-analysis methods.   A total of 22 trials were selected for the review. Meta-analysis among 1657 participants showed that mobile phone interventions for diabetes self-management reduced HbA(1c) values by a mean of 0.5% [6 mmol/mol; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.7% (4-8 mmol/mol)] over a median of 6 months follow-up duration. In subgroup analysis, 11 studies among Type 2 diabetes patients reported significantly greater reduction in HbA(1c) than studies among Type 1 diabetes patients [0.8 (9 mmol/mol) vs. 0.3% (3 mmol/mol); P=0.02]. The effect of mobile phone intervention did not significantly differ by other participant characteristics or intervention strategies.   Results pooled from the included trials provided strong evidence that mobile phone intervention led to statistically significant improvement in glycaemic control and self-management in diabetes care, especially for Type 2 diabetes patients. © 2011 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2011 Diabetes UK.
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            The impact of mobile handheld technology on hospital physicians' work practices and patient care: a systematic review.

            Mirela Prgomet, Andrew Georgiou, Johanna Westbrook (2009)
            The substantial growth in mobile handheld technologies has heralded the opportunity to provide physicians with access to information, resources, and people at the right time and place. But is this technology delivering the benefits to workflow and patient care promised by increased mobility? The authors conducted a systematic review to examine evidence regarding the impact of mobile handheld technology on hospital physicians' work practices and patient care, focusing on quantification of the espoused virtues of mobile technologies. The authors identified thirteen studies that demonstrated the ability of personal digital assistants (PDAs) to positively impact on areas of rapid response, error prevention, and data management and accessibility. The use of PDAs demonstrates the greatest benefits in contexts where time is a critical factor and a rapid response crucial. However, the extent to which these devices improved outcomes and workflow efficiencies because of their mobility was largely absent from the literature. The paucity of evidence calls for much needed future research that asks explicit questions about the impact the mobility of devices has on work practices and outcomes.
            Article 0 comments Cited 76 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Consumer health informatics.

              G Eysenbach (2000)
              Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Abu Saleh Mohammad Mosa
                Illhoi Yoo
                Lincoln Sheets
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Med Inform Decis Mak
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Med Inform Decis Mak
                Title: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6947
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 July 2012
                Volume: 12
                Page: 67
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Missouri Informatics Institute (MUII), 241 Engineering Building West, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
                [2 ]Health Management and Informatics (HMI) Department, University of Missouri School of Medicine, CS&E Bldg. DC006.00, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
                [3 ]Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, M226 Medical Sciences Building, DC032.00, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1472-6947-12-67
                DOI: 10.1186/1472-6947-12-67
                PMC ID: 3534499
                PubMed ID: 22781312
                SO-VID: 13c36a47-7f65-44d2-ae58-8ac38d59daaf
                Copyright © Copyright ©2012 Mosa et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 20 December 2011
                Date accepted : 14 June 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Bioinformatics & Computational biology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Bioinformatics & Computational biology

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