Chemical Characterization and in Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Myrcianthes hallii (O. Berg) McVaugh (Myrtaceae), a Traditional Plant Growing in Ecuador

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Abstract

Myrcianthes hallii (O. Berg) McVaugh (Myrtaceae) is a plant native to Ecuador, traditionally used for its antiseptic properties. The composition of the hydro-methanolic extract of this plant was determined by submitting it to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated to heated-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and UV detection. The presence of antimicrobial components prompted us to test the extract against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant and susceptible Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes strains. The chromatographic analysis led to the identification of 38 compounds, including polyphenols and organic acids, and represents the first chemical characterization of this plant. The extract showed modest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, with the exception of E. coli which was found to be less sensitive. Whilst methicillin-resistant strains usually display resistance to several drugs, no relevant differences were observed between methicillin-susceptible and resistant strains. Considering its long-standing use in folk medicine, which suggests the relative safety of the plant, and the presence of many known antibacterial polyphenolic compounds responsible for its antibacterial activity, the results show that M. hallii extract could be used as a potential new antiseptic agent. Moreover, new anti-infective biomaterials and nanomaterials could be designed through the incorporation of M. hallii polyphenols. This prospective biomedical application is also discussed.

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Antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts from myrtle (Myrtus communis var. italica L.) leaf, stem and flower.

Mariem Ben Jemia, Jazia Sriti, Ghaith Hamdaoui … (2010)

This study was designed to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Myrtus communis var. italica L. leaf, stem and flower. Myrtle leaf and flower were the valuable organs for the essential oil production representing a yield of 0.61% and 0.30% (w/w), respectively. The essential oil composition of myrtle leaf and flower was characterized by high proportions of alpha-pinene, the main compound of monoterpene hydrocarbon class, with 58.05% for leaf and 17.53% for flower. Stem was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, largely due to 1,8-cineole with 32.84%. The total phenol contents varied between different myrtle parts; leaf extract had higher total phenol content (33.67 mg GAE/g) than flower (15.70 mg GAE/g) and stem (11.11 mg GAE/g) extracts. Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among different myrtle parts, representing 26.55 mg GAE/g in leaf, 11.95 mg GAE/g in flower, 3.33 mg GAE/g in stem. The highest contents of total flavonoids and condensed tannins were observed in stem (5.17 and 1.99 mg CE/g, respectively) and leaf (3 and 1.22 mg CE/g, respectively) extracts. The HPLC analysis indicated that the main phenolic class was hydrolysable tannins (gallotannins) in leaf (79.39%, 8.90 mg/g) and flower (60.00%, 3.50mg/g) while the stem was characterized by the predominance of flavonoid class (61.38%, 1.86 mg/g) due to the high presence of catechin (36.91%, 1.12 mg/g). Antioxidant activities of the essential oil and the methanolic extract from different myrtle parts were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, beta-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching, reducing power and metal chelating activity assays. In all tests, methanolic extracts of different myrtle parts showed better antioxidant activity than essential oils. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Polyphenols: well beyond the antioxidant capacity: gallic acid and related compounds as neuroprotective agents: you are what you eat!

Maria Daglia, Arianna Di Lorenzo, Seyed F. Nabavi … (2014)

Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a phenolic acid widely distributed in many different families of higher plants, both in free state, and as a part of more complex molecules, such as ester derivatives or polymers. In nature, gallic acid and its derivatives are present in nearly every part of the plant, such as bark, wood, leaf, fruit, root and seed. They are present in different concentrations in common foodstuffs such as blueberry, blackberry, strawberry, plums, grapes, mango, cashew nut, hazelnut, walnut, tea, wine and so on. After consumption, about 70% of gallic acid is adsorbed and then excreted in the urine as 4-O-methylgallic acid. Differently, the ester derivatives of gallic acid, such as catechin gallate ester or gallotannins, are hydrolyzed to gallic acid before being metabolized to methylated derivatives. Gallic acid is a well known antioxidant compounds which has neuroprotective actions in different models of neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss about the neuroprotective actions of gallic acid and derivatives and their potential mechanisms of action.

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Antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and profiling of phenolic compounds in the seeds, skin, and pulp of Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grapes) As determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n).

Liwei Gu, A Sandhu (2010)

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the seeds, skin, and pulp of eight cultivars of Florida-grown muscadine grapes and to identify the phenolic compounds in these respective portions. Total phenolic contents were determined colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and antioxidant capacity was determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array (HPLC-DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (ESI-MS(n)) was used to identify the phenolic compounds in the seeds, skin, and pulp of muscadine grapes. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, based on fresh weight, were highest in seeds followed by skin and pulp. On average, 87.1, 11.3, and 1.6% of phenolic compounds were present in seeds, skin, and pulp, respectively. A total of 88 phenolic compounds of diverse structures were tentatively identified in muscadines, which included 17 in the pulp, 28 in the skin, and 43 in the seeds. Seventeen compounds were identified for the first time in muscadine grapes. The compounds identified in seeds included hydrolyzable tannins, flavan-3-ols and condensed tannins, ellagic acid derivatives, and quercetin rhamnoside. The skin contained hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, including anthocyanin 3,5-diglucosides, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol glycosides.

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Dusan Losic: Role: Academic Editor

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Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): materials

Title: Materials

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944

Publication date (Electronic): 07 June 2016

Publication date Collection: June 2016

Volume: 9

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 454

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[1 ]Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; patylu_170787@ 123456hotmail.com (P.C.C.); arianna.dilorenzo01@ 123456universitadipavia.it (A.D.L.)

[2 ]Microbiology Unit, DISC, University of Genoa, IRCCS-San Martino IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; erika.coppo@ 123456unige.it (E.C.); anna.marchese@ 123456unige.it (A.M.)

[3 ]Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy; davide.gozzini@ 123456unipv.it (D.G.); gz@ 123456unipv.it (G.Z.)

[4 ]Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Sant’Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; francesco.bracco@ 123456unipv.it

[5 ]Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-5487, Iran; nabavi208@ 123456gmail.com

[6 ]Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy

[7 ]Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy

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[* ]Correspondence: carlarenata.arciola@ 123456ior.it (C.R.A.); maria.daglia@ 123456unipv.it (M.D.); Tel.: +39-051-6366599 (C.R.A.); +39-0382-987388 (M.D.)

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Publisher ID: materials-09-00454

DOI: 10.3390/ma9060454

PMC ID: 5456788

SO-VID: 13e8ebec-341c-4356-9e5e-9ee9d1548be3

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Chemical Characterization and in Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Myrcianthes hallii (O. Berg) McVaugh (Myrtaceae), a Traditional Plant Growing in Ecuador

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Most cited references 53

Antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts from myrtle (Myrtus communis var. italica L.) leaf, stem and flower.

Polyphenols: well beyond the antioxidant capacity: gallic acid and related compounds as neuroprotective agents: you are what you eat!

Antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and profiling of phenolic compounds in the seeds, skin, and pulp of Vitis rotundifolia (Muscadine Grapes) As determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n).

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