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      Does a spontaneous cure for chagas' disease exist?

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          Abstract

          Six Costa Rican Chagas' disease patients, with wellknown acute phase history and no specific treatment were examined in several occasions during 39, 24, 32, 16 and 14 years, respectively, from the onset. Nome of the patients presented heart abnormalities as revealed by the conventional EKG and ergometry, exceptfor one of them with an incomplete block of the right bundle branch. Also, no alterations of the oesophagus motility was detected manometrically except for another patient who presented a slight hypersensivity reaction to a pharmacological test (Mecholyl). Three out of six patients became serologically negative in 1981, remaining as such until 1986. Besides the conventional serology, the search of protective ("lytic") antibodies was also performed in 1985 and 1986, being completely negative in one of the "cured" patients and dubious in the other two. The hypothesis that these three patients had as spontaneous cure, based on the clinical, serological and parasitologica l findings is discussed.

          Translated abstract

          Um grupo de pacientes com doença de Chagas vem sendo acompanhado desde a fase aguda, na Costa Rica, com tempos de evolução entre 14 e 44 anos (mediana de 32 anos). Em todos a doença aguda foi bem comprovada, não sendo realizado tratamento específico em nenhum deles, contra o Trypanosoma cruzi. Todos apresentaram pelo menos uma sorologia positiva ao longo da fase crônica, mas em três deles as técnicas sorológicas convencionais se tomaram parmanentemente negativas em diversos exames ealizados em diferentes laboratórios, entre 1981 e 1986. Nestes três pacientes também a pesquisa de anticorpos líticos foi negativa (um caso) ou negativo-duvidosa (dois casos), permanecendo consistentemente positiva nos três outros pacientes com sorologia convencional reagente. Atualmente todos os seis pacientes se apresentam assintomáticos e com xenodiagnóstico negativo. Apenas um deles apresenta distúrbio eletrocardiogràfico mínimo e inespecífico (bloqueio incompleto do ramo direito) e, um outro, pequeno retardo do trânsito esofagiano à prova de metacolina. Levanta-se a hipótese de cura espontânea da doença de Chagas, fato que deve ser raro e que merece maior investigação.

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          Most cited references33

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          Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas' disease?

          316 isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative organism of Chagas' disease, were collected from three geographical areas: Venezuela, where Chagas' disease does not cause megacardia, megaoesophagus, and megacolon; the Brazilian Amazon basin, where T. cruzi is silvatic and human infection is rare; and central and eastern Brazil, where T. cruzi infection is commonly associated with "mega" syndromes. The distribution in these regions of three radically dissimilar enzymic strains or "zymodemes" of T. cruzi (Z1, Z2, and Z3) was compared. Endemic Chagas' disease in Venezuela ws predominantly due to T. cruzi Z1 and rarely to T. cruzi Z3. T. cruzi Z1 and Z3 also caused the sporadic cases of Chagas' disease in the Brazilian Amazon basin. A quite distinct T. cruzi zymodeme, Z2, not found in either Venezuela or the Amazon basin, was isolated from the vast majority of patients in central and eastern Brazil. These observations suggest that different aetiological agents might account for the difference between the Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas' disease.
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            Doença de Chagas em Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Estudo Clínico-epidemiológico a Partir da Fase Aguda, entre 1940 e 1982

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              Epidemiological pattern of Chagas' disease in an endemic area of Costa Rica.

              Triatoma dimidiata was found in association with 34.6% of the houses in a representative town within the dispersion area of the insect. The mean density over the entire study period was 21.5 insects per house, but it tended to be lower in the majority of the houses. Insects usually were associated with dirt floors, poor sanitary condition of dwellings, and piles of firewood. The infection rate of 3,276 insects for Trypanosoma cruzi was 30.9%. The infection was demonstrated in several synanthropic animals: 25 dogs (9.9%); 3 cats (2.9%); 121 Rattus rattus (30.6%); 1 R. norwegicus (3.8%); and 11 mice (10.7%). Among six species of wild reservoirs from the surrounding bush found infected with T. cruzi, the common opossum (together with the black rat) was considered the most important reservoir of the parasite. Besides the relative abundance and the high infection rate of the opossum (62.5% by direct methods), its natural association with T. dimidiata was likewise demonstrated. Among 1,420 persons examined serologically, 166 (11.7%) were positive; xeno-diagnosis was positive in 14 (2.2%) out of 636 persons, and electrocardiograms (EKG's) were compatible with Chagas' cardiopathy in 60 (6.0%) of 1,006 persons examined. The EKG alterations were significantly higher in serologically positive persons. Studies in a control town, free of vectors, showed complete absence of the infection in both humans and animals.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rsbmt
                Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
                Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical - SBMT (Uberaba )
                1678-9849
                March 1988
                : 21
                : 1
                : 15-20
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional Costa Rica
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [3 ] Hospital México Costa Rica
                [4 ] U.F. Brasil
                Article
                S0037-86821988000100003
                10.1590/S0037-86821988000100003
                3148163
                13ea93c4-293e-4451-80a0-b7cb33ef47fb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0037-8682&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                American trypanosomiasis,Chagas' disease,Spontaneous cure,Longitudinal studies,Tripanosomiase americana,Doença de Chagas,Cura espontânea,Estudo longitudinal

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