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      Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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      Cognitive Performance after Lacunar Stroke Correlates with Leukoaraiosis Severity

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          Abstract

          Background: This study investigates the effect of leukoaraiosis on patients presenting with cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke. Methods: Fourty-six patients with cognitive impairment and newly discovered lacunar stroke detected by brain magnetic resonance imaging underwent neuropsychological testing. Results: Patients with both lacunar infarct and leukoaraiosis performed less well on cognitive measures, compared to those with lacunar infarcts alone. Additionally, leukoaraiosis severity inversely correlated with cognitive performance. Conclusions: In patients with lacunar stroke, presence of leukoaraiosis is associated with worse performance in multiple cognitive domains. These findings suggest lacunar infarcts plus leukoaraiosis is a common etiology for vascular dementia.

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          Prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions in elderly people: a population based magnetic resonance imaging study. The Rotterdam Scan Study

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            Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

            To identify risk factors for and functional consequences of lacunar infarct in elderly people. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a longitudinal study of people 65 years or older, in which 3660 participants underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuroradiologists read scans in a standard fashion without any clinical information. Lacunes were defined as subcortical areas consistent with infarcts measuring 3 to 20 mm. In cross-sectional analyses, clinical correlates were contrasted among groups defined by MRI findings. Of the 3660 subjects who underwent MRI, 2529 (69%) were free of infarcts of any kind and 841 (23%) had 1 or more lacunes without other types present, totaling 1270 lacunes. For most of these 841 subjects, their lacunes were single (66%) and silent (89%), namely without a history of transient ischemic attack or stroke. In multivariate analyses, factors independently associated with lacunes were increased age, diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, and pack-years of smoking (listed in descending order of strength of association; for all, P < .005), as well as maximum internal carotid artery stenosis of more than 50% (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; P < .005), male sex (OR, 0.74; P < .005), and history of diabetes at entrance into the study (OR, 1.33; P < .05). Models for subgroups of single, multiple, silent, and symptomatic lacunes differed only minimally. Those with silent lacunes had more cognitive, upper extremity, and lower extremity dysfunction not recognized as stroke than those whose MRIs were free of infarcts. In this group of older adults, lacunes defined by MRI are common and associated with factors that likely promote or reflect small-vessel disease. Silent lacunes are also associated with neurologic dysfunction.
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              MULTI-INFARCT DEMENTIA A CAUSE OF MENTAL DETERIORATION IN THE ELDERLY

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                CED
                Cerebrovasc Dis
                10.1159/issn.1015-9770
                Cerebrovascular Diseases
                S. Karger AG
                1015-9770
                1421-9786
                2007
                August 2007
                17 July 2007
                : 24
                : 2-3
                : 271-276
                Affiliations
                aDepartments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, and bV.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, Calif., USA
                Article
                105679 Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;24:271–276
                10.1159/000105679
                17646691
                13fc42d5-ae9e-4d40-974d-0a15bbf1af43
                © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 21 February 2007
                : 23 February 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, References: 27, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Stroke,Vascular dementia,Leukoaraiosis

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