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      Images of bodies in mass and social media and body dissatisfaction: The role of internalization and self-discrepancy

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The study examines the influence on body dissatisfaction of viewed images of bodies transmitted over mass media and social media, as mediated by the internalization of body ideals through media and self-discrepancy (the difference between the perceived actual self and the perceived ideal self).

          Method

          In this study, the images of bodies individuals view in their everyday media diet are estimated using a newly developed pictorial scale for women (thinness) and men (muscularity). For participants, the perceived body image is formed through mass media (magazines, TV) and social media (Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and Snapchat). The self-discrepancy theory is then used to explain the effect of images of bodies in the media on the internalization of these body ideals and body dissatisfaction.

          Results

          Results show that Facebook and YouTube shape body ideals perceived to be prevalent in the media, negatively influencing internalization and self-discrepancy. Self-discrepancy, in turn, increases body dissatisfaction. However, for males, the perceived body ideals in the media did not affect body dissatisfaction, internalization, or self-discrepancy.

          Discussion

          These results emphasize the importance of combining and comparing mass and social media and differentiating between female and male concerns regarding body image.

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          Most cited references123

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          When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM

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            A Theory of Social Comparison Processes

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 December 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1009792
                Affiliations
                Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
                Author notes

                Edited by: Antonio Cepeda-Benito, University of Vermont, United States

                Reviewed by: Ada H. Zohar, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel; Mary Pritchard, Boise State University, United States; Lianguo Fu, Bengbu Medical College, China

                *Correspondence: Michelle Möri, michelle.moeri@ 123456unifr.ch

                This article was submitted to Eating Behavior, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009792
                PMC ID: 9807623
                SO-VID: 141a1332-5e0e-46be-b39c-53b00d03bf87
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Möri, Mongillo and Fahr.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 02 August 2022
                Date accepted : 25 November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 123, Pages: 15, Words: 11951
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: body images in media,body dissatisfaction,body shape scale,self-discrepancy theory,internalization of body ideals,survey design
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: body images in media, body dissatisfaction, body shape scale, self-discrepancy theory, internalization of body ideals, survey design

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