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      Agenesis of premolar associated with submerged primary molar and a supernumerary premolar: An unusual case report

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The combination of submerged primary molar, agenesis of permanent successor with a supernumerary in the same place is very rare. The purpose of this article is to report a case of submerged mandibular left second primary molar with supernumerary tooth in the same region along with agenesis of second premolar in an 11-year-old girl, its possible etiological factors, and a brief discussion on treatment options.

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          Matrix metalloproteinases: a review.

          Jacob Hansen, L Windsor, Thomas Engler … (1992)
          Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of nine or more highly homologous Zn(++)-endopeptidases that collectively cleave most if not all of the constituents of the extracellular matrix. The present review discusses in detail the primary structures and the overlapping yet distinct substrate specificities of MMPs as well as the mode of activation of the unique MMP precursors. The regulation of MMP activity at the transcriptional level and at the extracellular level (precursor activation, inhibition of activated, mature enzymes) is also discussed. A final segment of the review details the current knowledge of the involvement of MMP in specific developmental or pathological conditions, including human periodontal diseases.
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            Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature and a survey of 152 cases.

            L D Rajab, Ahmad M. Hamdan (2002)
            A review of the literature relating to supernumerary teeth is presented along with a survey of 152 cases. The study population consisted of 152 children who visited the department of Paediatric Dentistry at the Jordan University Hospital. Patients ranged in age from 5 to 15 years. Supernumeraries were detected by clinical examination and radiographs. Males were affected more than females with a sex ratio of 2.2 : 1. Seventy-seven percent of the patients had one supernumerary tooth, 18.4% had double teeth, and 4.6% had three or more supernumeraries. Ninety percent of the supernumerary teeth occurred in the premaxilla, of which 92.8% were in the central incisor region and of these latter 25% were located in the midline. The other 10.4% of the supernumeraries were located in the premolar, canine, molar, and lower central incisor regions. Two cases were of non-syndrome supernumerary teeth. Seventy-five percent of the supernumeraries were conical, 83.1% were in the normal vertical position and 26.5% were erupted. Conical-shaped supernumerary teeth had a significantly higher rate of eruption compared to the tuberculate type.
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              Proteolytic remodeling of extracellular matrix.

              P. H. Hansen (1995)
              Matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors are ingredients of a fundamental cellular toolbox for effecting environmental change. These enzymes enable cells to alter their relationship to the environment by directly cleaving structural macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. In addition, evidence is emerging that they also play an important regulatory role in matrix remodeling by catalyzing the processing of inactive matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine precursors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Contemp Clin Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Contemp Clin Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CCD
                Title: Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0976-237X
                ISSN (Electronic): 0976-2361
                Publication date (Print): April 2012
                Volume: 3
                Issue: Suppl1
                Pages: S99-S102
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. SVSG. Nirmala, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College, Nellore - 524 003, Andhra Pradesh, India. E-mail: nimskrishna2007@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: CCD-3-99
                DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.95116
                PMC ID: 3354794
                PubMed ID: 22629079
                SO-VID: 14272593-b231-478a-8a9b-27b7542c243b
                Copyright © Copyright: © Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: infra occlusion,agenesis,submerged primary molar,supernumerary premolar
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: infra occlusion, agenesis, submerged primary molar, supernumerary premolar

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