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      Comparative Assessment of Patient Care Expenses among Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital using Cost Block Method

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Intensive care services of a hospital are found to consume major chunk of hospital resources as well draining the savings of patients. Implementing proper control measures facilitates effective functioning of critical care services.

          Aim:

          Identify various costs involved in operating Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU); also find out the running cost of the same.

          Methodology:

          Retrospective data was collected for 12 months period and prospectively through informal interactions with staff.

          Results:

          Construction and estate costs of the respective ICU's were found to be high, followed by laboratory charges. Running cost of RICU was found to be more than SICU.

          Conclusion:

          Costing of intensive care service is essential for controlled operations and to provide efficient patient care.

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          Most cited references9

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          A "closed" medical intensive care unit (MICU) improves resource utilization when compared with an "open" MICU.

          We hypothesized that a "closed" intensive care unit (ICU) was more efficient that an "open" one. ICU admissions were retrospectively analyzed before and after ICU closure at one hospital; prospective analysis in that ICU with an open ICU nearby was done. Illness severity was gauged by the Mortality Prediction Model (MPM0). Outcomes included mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and mechanical ventilation (MV). There were no differences in age, MPM0, and use of MV. ICU and hospital LOS were lower when "closed" (ICU LOS: prospective 6.1 versus 12.6 d, p < 0.0001; retrospective 6.1 versus 9.3 d, p < 0.05; hospital LOS: prospective 19.2 versus 33.2 d, p < 0.008; retrospective 22.2 versus 31.2 d, p < 0.02). Days on MV were lower when "closed" (prospective 2.3 versus 8.5 d, p < 0.0005; retrospective 3.3 versus 6.4 d, p < 0.05). Pooled data revealed the following: MV predicted ICU LOS; ICU organization and MPM0 predicted days on MV; MV and ICU organization predicted hospital LOS; mortality predictors were open ICU (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, p < 0.04), MPM0 (OR 1.16 for MPM0 increase 0.1, p < 0.002), and MV (OR 2.43, p < 0.0001). We conclude that patient care is more efficient with a closed ICU, and that mortality is not adversely affected.
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            Cost of intensive care in India

            Critical care is often described as expensive care. However, standardized methodology that would enable determination and international comparisons of cost is currently lacking. This article attempts to review this important issue and develop a framework through which cost of critical care in India could be analyzed.
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              Cost of neonatal intensive care in a tertiary care center.

              The number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in India has increased substantially over the last decade; yet many more are required. There is limited information on the actual costs of setting up and running an NICU in India. Systematic and comprehensive calculation and analysis of the costs of neonatal intensive care in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The costs were compiled by studying the detailed records of various hospital departments and prospectively documenting the costs of drugs, consumables and investigations for a representative group of 30 babies. The total cost of establishing a 16 bed level III tertiary care NICU was Rs 3.78 crore (Rs. 37.8 million, USdollar 860,000) (2003). Equipment cost formed two-thirds of the establishment cost. The running cost of NICU care per patient per day was Rs 5450 (USdollar 125). NICU and ancillary personnel salary comprised the largest proportion of the running costs. The average total cost of care for a baby less than 1000 grams was Rs. 168000 (USdollar 3800), Rs. 88300 (USdollar 2000) for babies 1000 g to 1250 g. and Rs. 41700 (USdollar 950) for those between 1250 to 1500 g. The family had to bear only 25 percent; rest was subsidized. Equipment and personnel salary form the biggest proportion of establishment and running costs. The costs of treatment for a baby in NICU should be seen in context with costs of other types of health care and the number of useful life years gained.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Indian J Crit Care Med
                Indian J Crit Care Med
                IJCCM
                Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0972-5229
                1998-359X
                February 2017
                : 21
                : 2
                : 85-88
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Health System Management Studies, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Asst Prof. Kanakavalli Kiranmai Kundury, Department of Health System Management Studies, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru - 570 015, Karnataka, India. E-mail: kanakavalli.dhsms@ 123456jssuni.edu.in
                Article
                IJCCM-21-85
                10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_276_16
                5330059
                146c9b95-b54b-43e0-9416-d27f6dfcd88c
                Copyright: © 2017 Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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                Emergency medicine & Trauma
                cost block,costing of intensive care services,icu,patient care expenses

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