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      Erhebungsmethoden zur Erfassung der Erzählfähigkeit von Kindern im Vor- und Grundschulalter : Einfluss der Erzählform auf narrative Kompetenzen

      1 , 2
      Kindheit und Entwicklung
      Hogrefe Publishing Group

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Erzählfähigkeit ist von hoher schulischer Relevanz. Die kindlichen Leistungen variieren je nach Erhebungsmethode, bisher fehlen jedoch konkrete Vergleichsdaten über Vor- und Schulalter hinweg. Fragestellung: Welche Erzählleistung zeigen deutschsprachige Kinder mit typischer Sprachentwicklung in den Altersklassen von drei bis neun Jahren in Abhängigkeit von der Erzählform (Nacherzählung vs. freie Erzählung)? Methode: Erzählungen anhand eines non-verbalen Bilderbuchs von 89 Kindern im Alter von 3 – 9 Jahren wurden in zwei Subgruppen (Nacherzählung: 3, 5, 9 Jahre; freie Erzählung: 4 – 8 Jahre) verglichen. Die Daten der Gruppe freie Erzählung stammten aus einem CHILDES-Korpus. Die Transkripte wurden anhand eines Punktbewertungssystems (NSS) in sieben Erzählkategorien (z. B. Referenzierung, Schluss) bewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Erzählleistung steigt signifikant über die gesamte Altersspanne ohne auftretende Deckeneffekte, ist aber bei Schuleintritt noch deutlich reduziert. Die freie Erzählung liegt bei Neunjährigen, gemessen am mittleren NSS-Score, 3 – 4 Jahre hinter der Nacherzählung zurück. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die fortschreitende Entwicklung der Erzählfähigkeit im Grundschulalter sowie das Schwierigkeitsniveau der Erzählformen sollten im Schulkontext beachtet werden.

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          Most cited references17

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          Oral Discourse in the Preschool Years and Later Literacy Skills

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            Properties of the narrative scoring scheme using narrative retells in young school-age children.

            To evaluate the clinical utility of the narrative scoring scheme (NSS) as an index of narrative macrostructure for young school-age children.
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              Narrative abilities, memory and attention in children with a specific language impairment.

              While narrative tasks have proven to be valid measures for detecting language disorders, measuring communicative skills and predicting future academic performance, research into the comparability of different narrative tasks has shown that outcomes are dependent on the type of task used. Although many of the studies detecting task differences touch upon the fact that tasks place differential demands on cognitive abilities like auditory attention and memory, few studies have related specific narrative tasks to these cognitive abilities. Examining this relation is especially warranted for children with specific language impairment (SLI), who are characterized by language problems, but often have problems in other cognitive domains as well. In the current research, a comparison was made between a story retelling task (The Bus Story) and a story generation task (The Frog Story) in a group of children with SLI (n= 34) and a typically developing group (n= 38) from the same age range. In addition to the two narrative tasks, sustained auditory attention (TEA-Ch) and verbal working memory (WISC digit span and the Dutch version of the CVLT-C word list recall) were measured. Correlations were computed between the narrative, the memory and the attention scores. A group comparison showed that the children with SLI scored significantly worse than the typically developing children on several narrative measures as well as on sustained auditory attention and verbal working memory. A within-subjects comparison of the scores on the two narrative tasks showed a contrast between the tasks on several narrative measures. Furthermore, correlational analyses showed that, on the level of plot structure, the story generation task correlated with sustained auditory attention, while the story retelling task correlated with word list recall. Mean length of utterance (MLU) on the other hand correlated with digit span but not with sustained auditory attention. While children with SLI have problems with narratives in general, their performance is also dependent on the specific elicitation task used for research or diagnostics. Various narrative tasks generate different scores and are differentially correlated to cognitive skills like attention and memory, making the selection of a given task crucial in the clinical setting. © 2012 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Kindheit und Entwicklung
                Kindheit und Entwicklung
                Hogrefe Publishing Group
                0942-5403
                2190-6246
                July 2023
                July 2023
                : 32
                : 3
                : 174-182
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Gesundheitscampus Göttingen, HAWK Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen, Deutschland
                [2 ]Fachgebiet Sprache & Kommunikation, Technische Universität Dortmund, Deutschland
                Article
                10.1026/0942-5403/a000421
                1492a789-707b-4bc8-8041-2655c5183333
                © 2023

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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