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      • Record: found
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      Root Canal Irrigants and Dentin Bonding: An Update

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          Abstract

          The purpose of the review was to assess the effect of root canal irrigants on dentin bonding. A PubMed-based search was conducted on the articles published from 1980 to 2016. A brief overview and reviewing the effect on dentin bonding of common root canal irrigation solutions such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), mixture of a tetracycline, acid and a detergent (MTAD) and ozone was conducted. Findings showed that, depending on the type of dentin bonding, using NaOCl may decrease, increase or not affect the bond strength. In addition, due to its broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase-inhibitory effect, CHX as well as MTAD can significantly improve the resin-dentin bond stability. However, the effect of ozone therapy on bond strength was controversial.

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          A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results.

          J De Munck, K Van Landuyt, M Peumans … (2005)
          The immediate bonding effectiveness of contemporary adhesives is quite favorable, regardless of the approach used. In the long term, the bonding effectiveness of some adhesives drops dramatically, whereas the bond strengths of other adhesives are more stable. This review examines the fundamental processes that cause the adhesion of biomaterials to enamel and dentin to degrade with time. Non-carious class V clinical trials remain the ultimate test method for the assessment of bonding effectiveness, but in addition to being high-cost, they are time- and labor-consuming, and they provide little information on the true cause of clinical failure. Therefore, several laboratory protocols were developed to predict bond durability. This paper critically appraises methodologies that focus on chemical degradation patterns of hydrolysis and elution of interface components, as well as mechanically oriented test set-ups, such as fatigue and fracture toughness measurements. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo data revealed that, currently, the most validated method to assess adhesion durability involves aging of micro-specimens of biomaterials bonded to either enamel or dentin. After about 3 months, all classes of adhesives exhibited mechanical and morphological evidence of degradation that resembles in vivo aging effects. A comparison of contemporary adhesives revealed that the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives remain the 'gold standard' in terms of durability. Any kind of simplification in the clinical application procedure results in loss of bonding effectiveness. Only the two-step self-etch adhesives approach the gold standard and do have some additional clinical benefits.
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            Sodium hypochlorite in endodontics: an update review.

            Zahed Mohammadi (2008)
            The major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. This requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between treatment sessions. Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the major cause of pulpal and periradicular pathosis. In order to reduce or eliminate bacteria and pulpal tissue remnants, various irrigation solutions have been suggested to be used during treatment. Sodium hypochlorite, an excellent non-specific proteolytic and antimicrobial agent, is the most common irrigation solution used during root canal therapy. The purpose of this paper was to review different aspects of sodium hypochlorite use in endodontics.
            Article 0 comments Cited 93 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Inhibition of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 8, and 9 by chlorhexidine.

              T Sorsa, D Grenier, R Gendron … (1999)
              Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a host cell-derived proteolytic enzyme family which plays a major role in tissue-destructive inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on MMP-2 (gelatinase A), MMP-9 (gelatinase B), and MMP-8 (collagenase 2) activity. Heat-denatured type I collagen (gelatin) was incubated with pure human MMP-2 or -9 activated with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), and the proteolytic degradation of gelatin was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Coomassie blue staining. The effect of CHX on MMP-8 activity was also studied with a cellular model addressing the ability of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-triggered human peripheral blood neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) to degrade native type I collagen. CHX inhibited the activities of both gelatinases (A and B), but MMP-2 appeared to be more sensitive than MMP-9. Adding calcium chloride to the assay mixtures almost completely prevented the inhibition of MMP-9 activity by CHX, while the inhibition of MMP-2 activity could be reversed only when CHX was used at a low concentration. This observation suggests that CHX may act via a cation-chelating mechanism. CHX dose-dependently inhibited collagenolytic activity of MMP-8 released by PMA-triggered PMNs. MMP-8 without APMA activation was inhibited clearly more efficiently than APMA-activated MMP-8. Our study suggests that the direct inhibition of the MMPs' activities by CHX may represent a new valuable effect of this antimicrobial agent and explains, at least in part, the beneficial effects of CHX in the treatment of periodontitis.
              Article 0 comments Cited 85 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran Endod J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran Endod J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IEJ
                Title: Iranian Endodontic Journal
                Publisher: Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (Tehran, Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 1735-7497
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2746
                Publication date (Print): Spring 2017
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 131-136
                Affiliations
                [a ] Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ;
                [b ] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran ;
                [c ] Private Practice, Hamedan, Iran;
                [d ] Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Saeed Asgary, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21 22413897, E-mail: saasgary@yahoo.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.22037/iej.2017.27
                PMC ID: 5421266
                PubMed ID: 28496517
                SO-VID: 14aa2b9f-4715-4954-839a-8abf7c1f0add
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 6 October 2016
                Date revision received : 28 January 2017
                Date accepted : 15 February 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: bond strength,chlorhexidine,edta,mtad,ozone,sodium hypochlorite
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: bond strength, chlorhexidine, edta, mtad, ozone, sodium hypochlorite

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