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      El patrón de lesión y su relación con el índice de gravedad en la baja de combate Translated title: The injury pattern and its relation to the severity score in the combat casualty

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: Conocer la distribución y el tipo de lesión en el combatiente es una herramienta de utilidad en la planificación y el planeamiento del apoyo sanitario a las operaciones militares. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la distribución corporal de las heridas de guerra y determinar la relación con la gravedad según puntuaciones del military Injury Severity Score (mISS) aplicado a bajas de combate. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal sobre todos los pacientes heridos por arma de fuego o explosivos atendidos en el Role 2 español de Herat entre los años 2005 y 2014. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 911 bajas de combate que presentaron 1.689 lesiones de guerra. La región corporal más afectada fueron los miembros inferiores (30,19%), seguido de los miembros superiores (22,49%) y la región craneofacial (19,06%). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la distribución de las puntuaciones del mISS en función del número de áreas anatómicas afectadas y entre las bajas que sufrieron lesiones en el tronco y en el abdomen y aquellas que no las sufrieron. Conclusiones: El patrón de lesión en las bajas de combate atendidas en el Role 2 español de Herat estuvo caracterizado por la lesión de las extremidades afectando principalmente a los miembros inferiores. Aquellas bajas con lesiones en el tronco y en el abdomen fueron las que presentaron puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas en el mISS. La gravedad de las bajas estuvo directamente relacionada con el número de áreas anatómicas afectadas.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Introduction: Knowing the distribution and type of injury in the combatant is a useful tool in the medical support planning for military operations.The objective of this work is to analyze the anatomical distribution of war wounds and determine the relationship with severity according to military Injury Severity Score (mISS) applied to combat casualties. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on all patients injured by firearms or explosives treated in the Spanish Role 2 of Herat between 2005 and 2014. Results: A total of 911 combat casualties with 1689 war injuries were analyzed. The body region most affected were the lower limbs (30.19%), followed by the upper limbs (22.49%) and the craniofacial region (19.06%). Statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of the mISS scores according to the number of anatomical areas affected and between casualties that suffered injuries to the trunk and abdomen and those that did not. Conclusions: The injury pattern in combat casualties treated in the Spanish Role 2 of Herat was characterized by injury to the extremities, mainly affecting the lower limbs. Those casualties with injuries to the trunk and abdomen were those with significantly higher scores on the mISS. The severity of the casualties was directly related to the number of anatomical areas affected.

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          Most cited references66

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          The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care.

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            A Modification of the Injury Severity Score That Both Improves Accuracy and Simplifies Scoring

            The Injury Severity Score (ISS) has served as the standard summary measure of anatomic injury for more than 20 years. Nevertheless, the ISS has an idiosyncrasy that both impairs its predictive power and complicates its calculation. We present here a simple modification of the ISS called the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), which significantly outperforms the venerable but dated ISS as a predictor of mortality.
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              Died of wounds on the battlefield: causation and implications for improving combat casualty care.

              Understanding the epidemiology of death after battlefield injury is vital to combat casualty care performance improvement. The current analysis was undertaken to develop a comprehensive perspective of deaths that occurred after casualties reached a medical treatment facility. Battle injury died of wounds (DOW) deaths that occurred after casualties reached a medical treatment facility from October 2001 to June 2009 were evaluated by reviewing autopsy and other postmortem records at the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiners (OAFME). A panel of military trauma experts classified the injuries as nonsurvivable (NS) or potentially survivable (PS), in consultation with an OAFME forensic pathologist. Data including demographics, mechanism of injury, physiologic and laboratory variables, and cause of death were obtained from the Joint Theater Trauma Registry and the OAFME Mortality Trauma Registry. DOW casualties (n = 558) accounted for 4.56% of the nonreturn to duty battle injuries over the study period. DOW casualties were classified as NS in 271 (48.6%) cases and PS in 287 (51.4%) cases. Traumatic brain injury was the predominant injury leading to death in 225 of 271 (83%) NS cases, whereas hemorrhage from major trauma was the predominant mechanism of death in 230 of 287 (80%) PS cases. In the hemorrhage mechanism PS cases, the major body region bleeding focus accounting for mortality were torso (48%), extremity (31%), and junctional (neck, axilla, and groin) (21%). Fifty-one percent of DOW casualties presented in extremis with cardiopulmonary resuscitation upon presentation. Hemorrhage is a major mechanism of death in PS combat injuries, underscoring the necessity for initiatives to mitigate bleeding, particularly in the prehospital environment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Sanidad Militar
                Sanid. Mil.
                Ministerio de Defensa (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1887-8571
                March 2021
                : 77
                : 1
                : 17-25
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología España
                [2] Madrid orgnameHospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla orgdiv1Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor España
                Article
                S1887-85712021000100017 S1887-8571(21)07700100017
                10.4321/s1887-85712021000100003
                14aec410-7605-4b13-9cea-43dbf18c8faf

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 21 October 2020
                : 02 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 67, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículo Original

                Spanish Medical Corps,patrón de lesión,Afghanistan,injury severity score,baja de combate,índice de gravedad,Role 2,injury pattern,Afganistán,Sanidad Militar,Combat casualty

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