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      Woodland Type and Spatial Distribution of NymphalIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae)

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          Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells.

          Normal human cells undergo a finite number of cell divisions and ultimately enter a nondividing state called replicative senescence. It has been proposed that telomere shortening is the molecular clock that triggers senescence. To test this hypothesis, two telomerase-negative normal human cell types, retinal pigment epithelial cells and foreskin fibroblasts, were transfected with vectors encoding the human telomerase catalytic subunit. In contrast to telomerase-negative control clones, which exhibited telomere shortening and senescence, telomerase-expressing clones had elongated telomeres, divided vigorously, and showed reduced straining for beta-galactosidase, a biomarker for senescence. Notably, the telomerase-expressing clones have a normal karyotype and have already exceeded their normal life-span by at least 20 doublings, thus establishing a causal relationship between telomere shortening and in vitro cellular senescence. The ability to maintain normal human cells in a phenotypically youthful state could have important applications in research and medicine.
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            Chain reactions linking acorns to gypsy moth outbreaks and Lyme disease risk.

            In eastern U.S. oak forests, defoliation by gypsy moths and the risk of Lyme disease are determined by interactions among acorns, white-footed mice, moths, deer, and ticks. Experimental removal of mice, which eat moth pupae, demonstrated that moth outbreaks are caused by reductions in mouse density that occur when there are no acorns. Experimental acorn addition increased mouse density. Acorn addition also increased densities of black-legged ticks, evidently by attracting deer, which are key tick hosts. Mice are primarily responsible for infecting ticks with the Lyme disease agent. The results have important implications for predicting and managing forest health and human health.
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              Ecology of Ixodes dammini-borne human babesiosis and Lyme disease.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Environmental Entomology
                Environ Entomol
                Entomological Society of America
                0046-225X
                1938-2936
                October 01 2004
                October 01 2004
                : 33
                : 5
                : 1266-1273
                Article
                10.1603/0046-225X-33.5.1266
                14d22e83-1ae0-4421-a009-24bf52c56146
                © 2004
                History

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