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Human cooperation
Author(s):
David G. Rand
,
Martin A. Nowak
Publication date
Created:
August 2013
Publication date
(Print):
August 2013
Journal:
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
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Abstract
Why should you help a competitor? Why should you contribute to the public good if free riders reap the benefits of your generosity? Cooperation in a competitive world is a conundrum. Natural selection opposes the evolution of cooperation unless specific mechanisms are at work. Five such mechanisms have been proposed: direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, spatial selection, multilevel selection, and kin selection. Here we discuss empirical evidence from laboratory experiments and field studies of human interactions for each mechanism. We also consider cooperation in one-shot, anonymous interactions for which no mechanisms are apparent. We argue that this behavior reflects the overgeneralization of cooperative strategies learned in the context of direct and indirect reciprocity: we show that automatic, intuitive responses favor cooperative strategies that reciprocate. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Creative methods for psychotherapy
Author and article information
Journal
Title:
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Abbreviated Title:
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
ISSN (Print):
13646613
Publication date Created:
August 2013
Publication date (Print):
August 2013
Volume
: 17
Issue
: 8
Pages
: 413-425
Article
DOI:
10.1016/j.tics.2013.06.003
PubMed ID:
23856025
SO-VID:
14d9cdd7-8272-407e-8486-9aba8bdcebc1
Copyright ©
© 2013
License:
https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
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