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      Gamete donors' satisfaction; gender differences and similarities among oocyte and sperm donors in a national sample

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          Abstract

          ObjectiveTo explore oocyte and sperm donors' emotional stress, experiences of care and satisfaction after donation.

          DesignProspective multicenter study.

          SettingsAll fertility clinics performing gamete donation in Sweden during the period 2005 to 2008.

          PopulationOf 220 eligible oocyte donors who were approached, 181 agreed to complete the first questionnaire and 165 completed the second questionnaire 2 months after oocyte donation. Of 156 eligible sperm donors 119 accepted to complete the first questionnaire before donation. Eighty-nine participants completed the second questionnaire 2 months after sperm donation.

          MethodsStandardized and study-specific questionnaires.

          Main outcome measuresSatisfaction with the donation, respondents' mental health and overall care.

          ResultsA larger percentage of sperm donors (97.8%) were satisfied with their overall experience of being a donor than oocyte donors (85.9%, p = 0.003). Some oocyte and sperm donors did not receive sufficient information about practical issues (9.1% and 13.5%, respectively) and future consequences (12.8% and 3.4%, respectively, p = 0.014). The donors' symptoms of anxiety and depression did not show any differences in relation to negative or positive perceptions of satisfaction. The donors who did not indicate ambivalence before treatment were on average almost five times more satisfied compared with those who did indicate ambivalence (odds ratio 4.71; 95% CI 1.34–16.51).

          ConclusionsMost donors were satisfied with their contribution after the donation. Oocyte and sperm donors who expressed ambivalence before donation were less satisfied after donation. In vitro fertilization staff fulfilled most of the donors' needs for information and care.

          Please cite this article as: Skoog Svanberg A, Lampic C, Gejerwall A-L, Gudmundsson J, Karlström P-O, Solensten N-G, Sydsjö G. Gamete donors’ satisfaction; gender differences and similarities among oocyte and sperm donors in a national sample. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92:1049–1056.

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          Most cited references32

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          The hospital anxiety and depression scale.

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            Systematic review of oocyte donation: investigating attitudes, motivations and experiences.

            The social and psychological factors determining intentions to donate gametes are important for clinics, policy-makers and recruitment campaigns. The aims of this systematic review were therefore to integrate the research findings regarding the psychosocial determinants of oocyte donation and extrapolate women's experiences of donation. A bibliographic search of English language publications of four computerized databases was undertaken with no time restriction set for publications. A total of 64 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The research syntheses revealed there were distinct differences between patient and non-patient (known, commercial, volunteer and potential) donors on demographic characteristics, motives for donation, and issues relating to disclosure and attitudes towards the resultant offspring. Further, studies have found that a significant proportion of oocyte donors and women from the general population were prepared to donate their oocytes as identifiable donors. Studies which have examined the experiences of donors report positive experiences of oocyte donation. However, a number of methodological limitations relating to the oocyte donation research literature have been identified in this systematic review. Differences between donor groups on a range of factors highlight the need for tailored psychosocial evaluation and counselling. The review has demonstrated that it is not useful to generalize across donor groups on various factors relating to oocyte donation.
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              Characteristics of men willing to act as sperm donors in the context of identity-release legislation.

              Although ongoing legislative changes are important to protect the rights of all involved in assisted reproductive technologies, it cannot be guaranteed that legislation will ensure the successful operation of reproductive health clinics, as is indicated by ongoing reports of a dearth of donor sperm in clinics in some countries. Data were 1428 profiles taken from a website that aims to facilitate relationships between those seeking donor sperm and men willing to donate their sperm. Data were coded as three independent variables: age, relationship status and country, and four dependent variables: motivation to donate, willingness to be identified, willingness to be involved with children conceived of donations and beliefs about who should determine the level of involvement. Non-parametric testing indicated that men aged under 26 or over 46, and who were either single or in a same-sex relationship, were most likely to be willing to be identified to children (P< 0.05), and to desire involvement with children (P< 0.01). A significant proportion of men aged between 26 and 46 years of age (P< 0.001) were motivated by a desire to procreate and were unwilling to be identified, as were a significant number of men in opposite-sex relationships (P< 0.001). Although limited by its reliance upon a sample constituted by men living in western countries who completed a self-report profile and who had not received counselling about their potential role as donors, this study draws attention to the potential impact of age and sexual orientation upon intentions to donate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
                Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
                aogs
                Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
                John Wiley & Sons
                0001-6349
                1600-0412
                September 2013
                24 June 2013
                : 92
                : 9
                : 1049-1056
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
                [2 ]Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute Stockholm Stockholm, Sweden
                [3 ]Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg, Sweden
                [4 ]Clintec, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
                [5 ]Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
                [6 ]IVF Clinic, University Hospital of Umeå Umeå, Sweden
                [7 ]Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
                Author notes
                Correspondence, Agneta Skoog Svanberg, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden. E-mail: agneta.skoog_svanberg@ 123456kbh.uu.se
                Article
                10.1111/aogs.12156
                3933731
                23611727
                152f2362-f543-4926-9403-ba024b7ba64c
                © 2013 The Authors. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                : 19 October 2012
                : 17 April 2013
                Categories
                Fertility

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                ambivalence,mental health,oocyte donor,satisfaction,sperm donor
                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                ambivalence, mental health, oocyte donor, satisfaction, sperm donor

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