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      Toxicidad ungueal asociada al tratamiento con urea Translated title: Nail toxicity associated with urea treatment

      case-report

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La melanoniquia es la pigmentación de la lámina ungueal, esta alteración es inducida por diversas causas: procesos inflamatorios, traumatismos, enfermedades autoinmunes o medicamentos. Existen numerosos fármacos que pueden producir alteraciones en las uñas (antiinfeciosos, antineoplásicos, retinoides), siendo reversibles en la mayoría de casos tras la suspensión del fármaco. La hidroxiurea es uno de los agentes quimioterápicos identificados como causante en raras ocasiones de toxicidad ungueal. Se trata de un derivado hidoxilado de la urea, que actúa inhibiendo la síntesis de ADN. En este artículo, presentamos el caso de una paciente trasplantada pulmonar de 61 años con diagnóstico de diabetes insípida que, sin embargo, durante su ingreso desarrolló un SIADH (secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética). El SIADH fue tratado con restricción hídrica y urea, tras el inicio de dicho tratamiento empezó a presentar lesiones en uñas de las manos y de los pies, que remitieron con el tiempo tras su retirada. Ningún otro fármaco de los prescritos durante su ingreso se ha relacionado con la toxicidad ungueal, por tanto se consideró la urea como posible causante de las lesiones ungueales en esta paciente. Esta reacción fue notificada al Sistema Español de Farmacovigilancia.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Melanonychia is the pigmentation of the nail, this alteration is induced by diverse causes: inflammatory processes, traumatisms, autoimmune diseases or medications. There are numerous drugs that can produce alterations in the nails (anti-infectious, chemotherapy agents, retinoid), the alterations are reversible in most cases after drug discontinuation. Chemotherapeutic agent hydroxyurea is identified as a cause of nail toxicity rarely. It is a hydroxylated derivative of urea, which acts by inhibiting DNA synthesis. In this article, we present the case of a 61-year-old lung transplant patient diagnosed with diabetes insipidus who, however, developed SIADH (inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone) during his hospitalization, the patient received treatment with water restriction and urea. After the start of treatment, the patient began to present lesions on the nails of the hands and feet, which remitted with time after drug discontinuation. No other medication prescribed during admission has been linked to nail toxicity, so urea was considered a possible cause of nail lesions in this patient. This reaction was notified to the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System.

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          Most cited references6

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          Melanonychia

          Melanonychia, or melanin-derived brown-to-black nail pigmentation, is a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. The most serious disease of the nail unit, melanoma, primarily presents with melanonychia. However, melanonychia most often occurs as a result of benign etiologies such as nail matrix melanocytic activation, nail matrix melanocytic hyperplasia, and nail invasion by melanin-producing pathogens. Regrettably, patients with nail apparatus melanoma are often initially misdiagnosed, and due to diagnostic delays of an average of 2 years, melanoma of the nail unit carries a poor prognosis. Having a thorough knowledge of the various causes of melanonychia and using a systematic approach when evaluating brown-to-black nail pigmentation may help prevent misdiagnosis and thereby improve prognosis.
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            A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions

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              Alteraciones de las uñas de origen farmacológico

              (2014)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                2021
                : 31
                : 2
                : 208-209
                Affiliations
                [1] Majadahonda Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000200208 S1699-714X(21)03100200208
                10.4321/s1699-714x2021000200018
                1539f0ab-0126-48d4-862f-b8828608d6e9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 December 2019
                : 29 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 6, Pages: 2
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                Melanoniquia,toxicidad ungueal,urea,secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética,diabetes insípida,Melanonychia,nail-toxicity,inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone,insipid diabetes

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