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      Use of plant species tests for the extension of ecotoxicological tests: Micronucleus test

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          Abstract

          Abstract. Our study introduces several ecotoxicological notions and aims to popularize bio testing on plants and fill some substantial gaps in its understanding. The results found on this research in this research can be very useful for choosing metallic-toxicity-resisting cultivars, which could decrease the risk of transfer into the food chain and also benefit the rehabilitation of contaminated soils. For this purpose, we used a combination of various tests – cytotoxic and genotoxic tests – the objective of which was to evaluate the matrices biologically contaminated by agents likely to introduce modifications often considered potentially harmful to the ecosystem. The evaluation was made by visualizing these agents’ effects on the plant. Therefore, we chose to test the effect of the two trace elements most widespread in the environment (lead and cadmium) and wastewater’s impact on three different species ( Allium cepa , Allium sativum , and Vicia faba ). The results revealed the inhibitive effect of toxins tested on the germinal faculty and on the extension of the roots of each species, with Allium cepa being very sensitive, contrary to Vicia faba , which seems to be more resistant, especially to lead. Whereas the micronucleus test highlighted the genotoxic impact of wastewater. By inducting anomalies within the genetic material of the plants named above, lead and cadmium affects the chromosomes number or the chromosome structure or both of them. Hence, the aneugenic and the clastogenic effects, the nuclear fragmentations, the micronuclei formation as well as mitotic indexes modification.


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          Most cited references11

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          Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants

          S.K. Yadav (2010)
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            Is Open Access

            Lead toxicity in plants

            Contamination of soils by heavy metals is of widespread occurrence as a result of human, agricultural and industrial activities. Among heavy metals, lead is a potential pollutant that readily accumulates in soils and sediments. Although lead is not an essential element for plants, it gets easily absorbed and accumulated in different plant parts. Uptake of Pb in plants is regulated by pH, particle size and cation exchange capacity of the soils as well as by root exudation and other physico-chemical parameters. Excess Pb causes a number of toxicity symptoms in plants e.g. stunted growth, chlorosis and blackening of root system. Pb inhibits photosynthesis, upsets mineral nutrition and water balance, changes hormonal status and affects membrane structure and permeability. This review addresses various morphological, physiological and biochemical effects of Pb toxicity and also strategies adopted by plants for Pb-detoxification and developing tolerance to Pb. Mechanisms of Pb-detoxification include sequestration of Pb in the vacuole, phytochelatin synthesis and binding to glutathione and aminoacids etc. Pb tolerance is associated with the capacity of plants to restrict Pb to the cell walls, synthesis of osmolytes and activation of antioxidant defense system. Remediation of soils contaminated with Pb using phytoremediation and rhizofiltration technologies appear to have great potential for cleaning of Pb-contaminated soils.
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              Jasmonic acid as modulator of lead toxicity in aquatic plant Wolffia arrhiza (Lemnaceae)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Trace Elements and Electrolytes
                TE
                Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle
                0946-2104
                2019
                July 01 2019
                : 36
                : 07
                : 150-155
                Article
                10.5414/TEX01517
                154da77f-2730-45d5-90d0-a3d2eda2baa8
                © 2019
                History

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,General medicine,Medicine,Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Nutrition & Dietetics
                biomonitoring,trace elements,micronuclei,biotest,ecotoxicology

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