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      The control of red colour by a family of MYB transcription factors in octoploid strawberry ( Fragaria ×  ananassa) fruits

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          Summary

          Octoploid strawberry ( Fragaria ×  ananassa Duch.) is a model plant for research and one of the most important non‐climacteric fruit crops throughout the world. The associations between regulatory networks and metabolite composition were explored for one of the most critical agricultural properties in octoploid strawberry, fruit colour. Differences in the levels of flavonoids are due to the differences in the expression of structural and regulatory genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying differences in fruit colour were compared between red and white octoploid strawberry varieties. FaMYB genes had combinatorial effects in determining the red colour of fruit through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in response to the increase in endogenous ABA at the final stage of fruit development. Analysis of alleles of FaMYB10 and FaMYB1 in red and white strawberry varieties led to the discovery of a white‐specific variant allele of FaMYB10, FaMYB10‐2. Its coding sequence possessed an ACTTATAC insertion in the genomic region encoding the C‐terminus of the protein. This insertion introduced a predicted premature termination codon, which suggested the loss of intact FaMYB10 protein playing a critical role in the loss of red colour in white octoploid strawberry .

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          Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programs.

          R Chenna (2003)
          The Clustal series of programs are widely used in molecular biology for the multiple alignment of both nucleic acid and protein sequences and for preparing phylogenetic trees. The popularity of the programs depends on a number of factors, including not only the accuracy of the results, but also the robustness, portability and user-friendliness of the programs. New features include NEXUS and FASTA format output, printing range numbers and faster tree calculation. Although, Clustal was originally developed to run on a local computer, numerous Web servers have been set up, notably at the EBI (European Bioinformatics Institute) (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/).
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            Studies on the transformation of intact yeast cells by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG procedure.

            An improved lithium acetate (LiAc)/single-stranded DNA (SS-DNA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) protocol which yields > 1 x 10(6) transformants/micrograms plasmid DNA and the original protocol described by Schiestl and Gietz (1989) were used to investigate aspects of the mechanism of LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG transformation. The highest transformation efficiency was observed when 1 x 10(8) cells were transformed with 100 ng plasmid DNA in the presence of 50 micrograms SS carrier DNA. The yield of transformants increased linearly up to 5 micrograms plasmid per transformation. A 20-min heat shock at 42 degrees C was necessary for maximal yields. PEG was found to deposit both carrier DNA and plasmid DNA onto cells. SS carrier DNA bound more effectively to the cells and caused tighter binding of 32P-labelled plasmid DNA than did double-stranded (DS) carrier. The LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG transformation method did not result in cell fusion. DS carrier DNA competed with DS vector DNA in the transformation reaction. SS plasmid DNA transformed cells poorly in combination with both SS and DS carrier DNA. The LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG method was shown to be more effective than other treatments known to make cells transformable. A model for the mechanism of transformation by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG method is discussed.
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              Retrotransposon-induced mutations in grape skin color.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                cathie.martin@jic.ac.uk
                jwm0809@163.com
                Journal
                Plant Biotechnol J
                Plant Biotechnol. J
                10.1111/(ISSN)1467-7652
                PBI
                Plant Biotechnology Journal
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1467-7644
                1467-7652
                12 December 2019
                May 2020
                : 18
                : 5 ( doiID: 10.1111/pbi.v18.5 )
                : 1169-1184
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
                [ 2 ] Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
                [ 3 ] Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
                [ 4 ] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
                [ 5 ] Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees Beijing China
                [ 6 ] John Innes Centre Norwich UK
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence (Tel +44(0) 1603 450000; fax +44(0) 1603 450045; email cathie.martin@ 123456jic.ac.uk (CM)); (Tel +86(10) 6285 9105; fax +86(10) 6259 8744; email jwm0809@ 123456163.com (WJ)).

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3640-5080
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-7806
                Article
                PBI13282
                10.1111/pbi.13282
                7152614
                31647169
                155c2c90-1369-4498-8f5e-8dd73262c2a7
                © 2019 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 June 2019
                : 19 September 2019
                : 22 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 4, Pages: 16, Words: 12728
                Funding
                Funded by: the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China
                Award ID: 31600418
                Funded by: the National Key R&D Program of China and the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
                Award ID: 2016YFE0112400 and 679303
                Funded by: the Science and Technology Innovation Ability Construction Projects of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science
                Award ID: KJCX20140202, KJCX20170203, and QNJJ201507
                Funded by: the Institute Strategic Program Understanding and Exploiting Plant and Microbial Secondary Metabolism
                Award ID: BB/J004596/1
                Funded by: European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
                Award ID: 679303
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                May 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.0 mode:remove_FC converted:12.04.2020

                Biotechnology
                famyb genes,fruit colour,flavonoids,anthocyanins,fragaria × ananassa
                Biotechnology
                famyb genes, fruit colour, flavonoids, anthocyanins, fragaria × ananassa

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