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      Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium

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          Abstract

          This update, written by authors designated by multiple pediatric endocrinology societies (see List of Participating Societies) from around the globe, concisely addresses topics related to changes in GnRHa usage in children and adolescents over the last decade. Topics related to the use of GnRHa in precocious puberty include diagnostic criteria, globally available formulations, considerations of benefit of treatment, monitoring of therapy, adverse events, and long-term outcome data. Additional sections review use in transgender individuals and other pediatric endocrine related conditions. Although there have been many significant changes in GnRHa usage, there is a definite paucity of evidence-based publications to support them. Therefore, this paper is explicitly not intended to evaluate what is recommended in terms of the best use of GnRHa, based on evidence and expert opinion, but rather to describe how these drugs are used, irrespective of any qualitative evaluation. Thus, this paper should be considered a narrative review on GnRHa utilization in precocious puberty and other clinical situations. These changes are reviewed not only to point out deficiencies in the literature but also to stimulate future studies and publications in this area.

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          Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7

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            The levels of evidence and their role in evidence-based medicine.

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              Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline

              To update the "Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline," published by the Endocrine Society in 2009.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                HRP
                Horm Res Paediatr
                10.1159/issn.1663-2818
                Hormone Research in Paediatrics
                S. Karger AG
                1663-2818
                1663-2826
                2019
                October 2019
                18 July 2019
                : 91
                : 6
                : 357-372
                Affiliations
                [_a] aDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
                [_b] bDepartment of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
                [_c] cDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
                [_d] dUniversity of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
                [_e] eDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Alliance, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
                [_f] fDepartment of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
                [_g] gDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
                Author notes
                *Kanthi Bangalore Krishna, MD, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 12 Briarcrest Square, Hershey, PA 17033 (USA), E-Mail kbangalorekrishna@pennstatehealth.psu.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-3142
                Article
                501336 Horm Res Paediatr 2019;91:357–372
                10.1159/000501336
                31319416
                15628287-dc76-4d58-a276-4bed54ceecb4
                © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 25 February 2019
                : 04 June 2019
                Page count
                Tables: 2, Pages: 16
                Categories
                Guidelines

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs,Children,Transgender,Adolescents,Precocious puberty

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