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      Identificación de un caso de fenilcetonuria a través del tamizaje neonatal Translated title: Diagnosis of phenylketonuria by newborn screening

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          Abstract

          Introducción. La fenilcetonuria es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica recesiva, causada por un defecto de la enzima fenilalanina hidroxilasa, la cual es responsable de la conversión de la fenilalanina en tirosina. Es la segunda causa más frecuente de retardo mental prevenible. Se desconoce su incidencia en México. En el caso que aquí se presenta, el diagnóstico precoz fue realizado con el tamiz neonatal ampliado y el tratamiento consistió en una dieta baja en fenilalanina. Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 2 meses de edad sin datos de retardo psicomotor. Se le realizó la prueba de tamiz neonatal a los 3 días de nacido con valores de fenilalanina de 15.25 mg/dL y control a los 2 meses de 39.7 mg/dL. El diagnóstico fue confirmado con el análisis cuantitativo de la concentración de fenilalanina y de tirosina, por medio de la cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución. Se recomendó un tratamiento de fórmula láctea libre de fenilalanina y dieta vegetariana. Conclusión. Las pruebas de tamizaje neonatal permiten la detección oportuna de enfermedades metabólicas en pacientes asintomáticos, como en el caso de la fenilcetonuria.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. Phenylketonuria is an autosomic recessive hereditary disease caused by a defect of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is responsible for the phenylalanine conversion to tyrosine. It is the second most frequent although preventable cause of mental retardation. Its incidence in Mexico is unknown. Early diagnosis is made through extended newborn screening, and treatment consists of a low-phenylalanine diet. Case report. Masculine 2-months old with no data of psycho-motor retardation. Newborn screening tests were performed. Values of phenylalanine were 15.25 mg/dL 3 days after delivery, whereas follow-up values at 2 months of age were 39.7 mg/dL. Diagnosis was confirmed with quantitative analysis of phenyla-lanine and tyrosine concentration by HPLC. Treatment consisted of phenylalanine-free infant formula and vegetarian diet. Conclusion. Newborn screening tests allow early detection of metabolic diseases in asymptomatic patients, such as phenylketonuria.

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          Most cited references37

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          A SIMPLE PHENYLALANINE METHOD FOR DETECTING PHENYLKETONURIA IN LARGE POPULATIONS OF NEWBORN INFANTS.

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            Neonatal screening in Europe; the situation in 2004.

            This report outlines the status of neonatal screening in Europe in 2004. Out of the 45 member states of the Council of Europe plus the regions Scotland and Wales (in total 47 'countries'), no data at all were available from 3 (Albania, Azerbaijan and Georgia). From the other 44, varying amounts of data were received. Apart from Armenia, Finland and Malta, all countries have a national programme for phenylketonuria (PKU), although in some countries those programmes do not yet have 100% coverage. Moldova and Ukraine have no national programme for congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the other countries do. Twelve countries screen for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 6 for cystic fibrosis (CF) and 7 for galactosaemia (GAL), 6 for biotinidase deficiency (BD) and 4 for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD). Some countries have pilot programmes for certain conditions or different programmes per screening laboratory. The prevalences for PKU vary from 1:3000 to 1:30,000, and for CH from 1:1300 to 1:13,000. Methodologies vary within and between countries. There appears to be no relationship between the cut-off limits and the recall rate. A first priority is to help those countries where the basic screening programmes have less than 100% coverage. In addition, continuous monitoring of the European programmes will help to decrease the variation in design and methodology by making use of the knowledge and expertise available from the global membership of the International Society for Neonatal Screening (ISNS). The huge difference of recall rates illustrate one obvious and important area for improvement of programme performances that could be aided by strengthened European cooperation.
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              Management of phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia.

              Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the most frequently inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism (prevalence 1:10,000). In France, a nationwide neonatal screening was organized in 1978 to control its efficacy and patient follow-up. Phenylketonuria (PKU) was diagnosed in 81.6% of screened patients, the remaining affected with either non-PKU HPA (17.2%) or with cofactor deficiency (1.1%). French guidelines were established to specify the minimal diagnosis procedures and optimal treatment of patients. A low-phenylalanine diet must be started within the first days of life for all newborns whose blood phenylalanine levels are above 10 mg/dL (600 micromol/L). The dietary control must keep the phenylalanine levels between 2 and 5 mg/dL (120 and 300 micromol/L) until 10 y of age. Thereafter, a progressive and controlled relaxation of the diet is allowed, keeping levels below 15 mg/dL until the end of adolescence and below 20 mg/dL (1200 micromol/L) in adulthood. A lifelong follow-up is recommended for PKU women to prevent for maternal PKU.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bmim
                Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México
                Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex.
                Instituto Nacional de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (México, DF, Mexico )
                1665-1146
                August 2008
                : 65
                : 4
                : 290-296
                Affiliations
                [02] Xalapa Veracruz orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social orgdiv1Coordinación Delegacional de Investigación en Salud México
                [01] Cardel Veracruz orgnameInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social orgdiv1Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar No. 36
                Article
                S1665-11462008000400007 S1665-1146(08)06500400007
                15ab28cf-f135-4afb-bf7d-bceb5d61d185

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 June 2008
                : 09 November 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Caso clínico

                Phenylketonuria,phenylalanine,tamiz neonatal,newborn screening,Fenilcetonuria,fenilalanina

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