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      Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

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          Weakly guiding fibers.

          D Gloge (1971)
          Thin glass fibers imbedded into a glass cladding of slightly lower refractive index represent a promising medium for optical communication. This article presents simple formulas and functions for the fiber parameters as a help for practical design work. It considers the propagation constant, mode delay, the cladding field depth, and the power distribution in the fiber cross section. Plots vs frequency of these parameters are given for 70 modes.
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            Low-noise erbium-doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54μm

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              High-gain erbium-doped traveling-wave fiber amplifier.

              Traveling-wave amplification of a lambda = 1.53 microm signal with +22-dB gain is achieved at 295 K in an Er(3+)-doped single-mode fiber using a lambda = 514.5 nm pump source. The optimum fiber length for maximum gain is determined experimentally. A limit in signal-to-noise ratio that is due to concurrent amplification of spontaneous emission is observed. By cooling the fiber to 77 K, the amplifier gain is increased to +29 dB as a result of depopulation of the lower laser level.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Lightwave Technology
                J. Lightwave Technol.
                Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
                07338724
                Feb. 1991
                : 9
                : 2
                : 271-283
                Article
                10.1109/50.65886
                15b9e1be-453a-4202-8905-887ecf73f53f
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