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      Cadmium Nephrotoxicity Assessed in Isolated Rat Glomeruli and Cultured Mesangial Cells: Evidence for Contraction of Glomerular Cells

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          Abstract

          Cadmium (Cd), an important pollutant, causes severe damage at the renal tubular level. Numerous previous studies have focused upon Cd tubular nephrotoxicity. The present study of Cd-induced glomerular damage examined the vasoactive effect of Cd in freshly isolated glomeruli and mesangial cells. Glomeruli were isolated by passing rat renal cortex pulp through calibrated sieves followed by culture for outgrowth of cells. Quantitative evaluation of glomerular and cellular contractions was performed by morphometric measurement of the area with an automatized image analyzer following different incubation times with Hanks’ balanced salt solution or Cd<sup>2+</sup>. Each glomerulus or mesangial cell served as its own control. Cd lethality was measured with microassay methods (neutral red, MTT uptake, and lactate dehydrogenase release), allowing the determination of an IC<sub>50</sub>. This ranged from 35 to 60 μ M. CdCl<sub>2</sub> induced a time-dependent contractile effect on isolated glomeruli; planar surface area decreases were 6.9% (1 μ M), 7.5% (0.1 μ M), and 7% (0.01 μ M). The decrease started as soon as Cd was in contact with glomeruli and ended 40 min later: T5 (2%), T10 (3.5%), T20 (4.2%), T30 (6.3%), T40 (7%). Cell size reduction was 19% (1 μ M), 14% (0.1 μ M), and 18% (0.01 μ M) and was also time-dependent. To confirm that contractile events occurred during the cell shape changes, examination of the mesangial α-actin network was performed concurrently. These results indicate that Cd contracts glomerular structures. This may, in part, explain the reduction in glomerular filtration seen in Cd nephrotoxicity.

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          Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption

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            Calcium-independent effects of cadmium on actin assembly in mesangial and vascular smooth muscle cells

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              On the mechanism of transfer of heavy metals across cell membranes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                EXN
                Nephron Exp Nephrol
                10.1159/issn.1660-2129
                Cardiorenal Medicine
                S. Karger AG
                1660-2129
                1999
                June 1999
                28 May 1999
                : 7
                : 3
                : 251-258
                Affiliations
                Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bordeaux, France
                Article
                20610 Exp Nephrol 1999;7:251–258
                10.1159/000020610
                10352366
                15bd1726-7e87-4d4e-b840-cd4c77846af6
                © 1999 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 4, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Cadmium chloride salts,Vasoreactivity,Actin fibers,Cultured mesangial cells,Freshly isolated rat glomerulus

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