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      Suicídio entre povos indígenas: um panorama estatístico brasileiro Translated title: Suicide among indigenous people: a Brazilian statistical view

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          Abstract

          O suicídio relaciona-se etiologicamente com uma gama de fatores, que vão desde os de natureza sociológica, econômica, política, religiosa, cultural, passando pelos psicológicos e psicopatológicos, até os genéticos e os biológicos. Os autores partem de uma revisão das estatísticas mundiais, destacando os países onde a problemática é mais crítica e, em seguida, mostram uma revisão das estatísticas entre as sociedades tradicionais, detentores dos números mais alarmantes. Esses dados iniciais contextualizam a apresentação do panorama entre as populações indígenas brasileiras. O suicídio é prevalente em diversas populações, sendo relatado entre os Guarani-Apapokuva, os Urubu-Kaapor, os Paresi e os Yanomani. As taxas entre os Ticunas, com 28% do total de óbitos entre 1994 e 1996, e os Caiowás, com taxa cerca de 40 vezes maior que a brasileira, são altamente preocupantes. Entretanto, entre os Sorowahá a situação é dramática, comunidade com 130 habitantes que tem, provavelmente, uma das maiores estatísticas mundiais, com uma taxa estimada em 1.922 por 100 mil habitantes.

          Translated abstract

          Suicide etiology is related to several different factors: sociological, economics, political, religious, cultural, psychological and psychopathological, and finally genetic and biological. Suicide world statistics, with emphasys where is more critical, specially the frightening figures of traditional societies, were reviewed. Data on brazilian indigenous populations were discussed. Suicide is prevalent in several indian groups, as the Guarani Apapokuva, the Urubu-Kaapor, the Paresi and the Yanomani. The Ticunas have a 28% suicide rate among all deaths between 1994 and 1996. The Caiowá had a 40 times higher rate than the brazilian population. Among the Sorowahá the situation is dramatic: A community with 130 members has probably one of the highest world suicide rates: 1.992 for 100.000 inhabitants.

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          Most cited references86

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          Anuário Estatístico do Brasil

          (1995)
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            Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide.

            The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and comorbidity of current mental disorders defined by DSM-III-R among a random sample of suicide victims from a nationwide suicide population. Using a psychological autopsy method, the authors collected comprehensive data on all suicide victims in Finland during 1 year. Retrospective axis I-III consensus diagnoses were assigned to 229 (172 male, 57 female) victims. One or more diagnoses on axis I were made for 93% of the victims. The most prevalent disorders were depressive disorders (59%) and alcohol dependence or abuse (43%). The prevalence of major depression was higher among females (46%) than among males (26%). Alcohol dependence was more common among the males (39% versus 18% for females). A diagnosis on axis II was made for 31% and at least one diagnosis on axis III for 46% of the cases. Only 12% of the victims received one axis I diagnosis without any comorbidity. The majority of suicide victims suffered from comorbid mental disorders. Comorbidity needs to be taken into account when analyzing the relationship between suicide and mental disorders and in planning treatment strategies for suicide prevention in clinical practice.
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              Attempted suicide in Europe: rates, trends and sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters during the period 1989-1992. Results of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide.

              The World Health Organization/EURO Multicentre Project on Parasuicide is part of the action to implement target 12 of the WHO programme, "Health for All by the Year 2000', for the European region. Sixteen centres in 13 European countries are participating in the monitoring aspect of the project, in which trends in the epidemiology of suicide attempts are assessed. The highest average male age-standardized rate of suicide attempts was found for Helsinki, Finland (314/100,000), and the lowest rate (45/100,000) was for Guipuzcoa, Spain, representing a sevenfold difference. The highest average female age-standardized rate was found for Cergy-Pontoise, France (462/100,000), and the lowest (69/100,000) again for Guipuzcoa, Spain. With only one exception (Helsinki), the person-based suicide attempt rates were higher among women than among men. In the majority of centres, the highest person-based rates were found in the younger age groups. The rates among people aged 55 years or over were generally the lowest. For the majority of the centres, the rates for individuals aged 15 years or over decreased between 1989 and 1992. The methods used were primarily "soft' (poisoning) or cutting. More than 50% of the suicide attempters made more than one attempt, and nearly 20% of the second attempts were made within 12 months after the first attempt. Compared with the general population, suicide attempters more often belong to the social categories associated with social destabilization and poverty.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpc
                Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo)
                Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)
                Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo )
                1806-938X
                2003
                : 30
                : 1
                : 4-10
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital das Clínicas
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0101-60832003000100001
                10.1590/S0101-60832003000100001
                15fc540c-d2d4-4c54-853e-5a5bfecca9f9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-6083&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                PSYCHIATRY

                Internal medicine,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Transcultural psychiatry,Natives,Indigenous people,Suicide rates,Psiquiatria transcultural,Povos primitivos,Povos indígenas,Taxas de suicídio

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