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      The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy to search for the brain basis of emotion. The last two decades of neuroscience research have brought us to the brink of a paradigm shift in understanding the workings of the brain, however, setting the stage to revolutionize our understanding of what emotions are and how they work. In this article, we begin with the structure and function of the brain, and from there deduce what the biological basis of emotions might be. The answer is a brain-based, computational account called the theory of constructed emotion.

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          The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease.

          Randy L. Buckner, Jessica Andrews-Hanna, Daniel Schacter (2008)
          Thirty years of brain imaging research has converged to define the brain's default network-a novel and only recently appreciated brain system that participates in internal modes of cognition. Here we synthesize past observations to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment. Analysis of connectional anatomy in the monkey supports the presence of an interconnected brain system. Providing insight into function, the default network is active when individuals are engaged in internally focused tasks including autobiographical memory retrieval, envisioning the future, and conceiving the perspectives of others. Probing the functional anatomy of the network in detail reveals that it is best understood as multiple interacting subsystems. The medial temporal lobe subsystem provides information from prior experiences in the form of memories and associations that are the building blocks of mental simulation. The medial prefrontal subsystem facilitates the flexible use of this information during the construction of self-relevant mental simulations. These two subsystems converge on important nodes of integration including the posterior cingulate cortex. The implications of these functional and anatomical observations are discussed in relation to possible adaptive roles of the default network for using past experiences to plan for the future, navigate social interactions, and maximize the utility of moments when we are not otherwise engaged by the external world. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the default network for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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            Grounded cognition.

            Lawrence Barsalou (2008)
            Grounded cognition rejects traditional views that cognition is computation on amodal symbols in a modular system, independent of the brain's modal systems for perception, action, and introspection. Instead, grounded cognition proposes that modal simulations, bodily states, and situated action underlie cognition. Accumulating behavioral and neural evidence supporting this view is reviewed from research on perception, memory, knowledge, language, thought, social cognition, and development. Theories of grounded cognition are also reviewed, as are origins of the area and common misperceptions of it. Theoretical, empirical, and methodological issues are raised whose future treatment is likely to affect the growth and impact of grounded cognition.
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              The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?

              Karl Friston (2010)
              A free-energy principle has been proposed recently that accounts for action, perception and learning. This Review looks at some key brain theories in the biological (for example, neural Darwinism) and physical (for example, information theory and optimal control theory) sciences from the free-energy perspective. Crucially, one key theme runs through each of these theories - optimization. Furthermore, if we look closely at what is optimized, the same quantity keeps emerging, namely value (expected reward, expected utility) or its complement, surprise (prediction error, expected cost). This is the quantity that is optimized under the free-energy principle, which suggests that several global brain theories might be unified within a free-energy framework.
              Article 0 comments Cited 905 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): scan
                Title: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Print): 1749-5016
                ISSN (Electronic): 1749-5024
                Publication date (Print): January 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 October 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 19 October 2016
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 1-23
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
                [2 ]Athinoula, A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
                [3 ]Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
                Author notes
                Correspondence should be addressed to Lisa Feldman Barrett. Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. E-mail: l.barrett@ 123456neu.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: nsw154
                DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw154
                PMC ID: 5390700
                PubMed ID: 27798257
                SO-VID: 160ebbb1-c2ae-4a26-8b26-5e3144296c7b
                Copyright © © The Author(s) (2016). Published by Oxford University Press.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                Date received : 13 August 2016
                Date revision received : 13 August 2016
                Date accepted : 11 October 2016
                Page count
                Pages: 23
                Funding
                Funded by: National Cancer Institute
                Award ID: U01 CA193632
                Funded by: National Science Foundation
                Award ID: CMMI 1638234
                Funded by: US Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
                Award ID: W911NF-15-1-0647
                Award ID: W911NF- 16-1-0191
                Categories
                Subject: Duelling Perspectives

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: emotion,predictive coding,construction,interoception,categorization,concepts,affect
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: emotion, predictive coding, construction, interoception, categorization, concepts, affect

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