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      Voluntary peer review as innovative tool for quality improvement in the intensive care unit – a retrospective descriptive cohort study in German intensive care units Translated title: Freiwilliges Peer Review als innovatives Instrument zur Qualitätsverbesserung auf der Intensivstation – eine retrospektive deskriptive Kohortenstudie auf deutschen Intensivstationen

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Quality improvement and safety in intensive care are rapidly evolving topics. However, there is no gold standard for assessing quality improvement in intensive care medicine yet. In 2007 a pilot project in German intensive care units (ICUs) started using voluntary peer reviews as an innovative tool for quality assessment and improvement. We describe the method of voluntary peer review and assessed its feasibility by evaluating anonymized peer review reports and analysed the thematic clusters highlighted in these reports.

          Methods: Retrospective data analysis from 22 anonymous reports of peer reviews. All ICUs – representing over 300 patient beds – had undergone voluntary peer review. Data were retrieved from reports of peers of the review teams and representatives of visited ICUs. Data were analysed with regard to number of topics addressed and results of assessment questionnaires. Reports of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT reports) of these ICUs are presented.

          Results: External assessment of structure, process and outcome indicators revealed high percentages of adherence to predefined quality goals. In the SWOT reports 11 main thematic clusters were identified representative for common ICUs. 58.1% of mentioned topics covered personnel issues, team and communication issues as well as organisation and treatment standards. The most mentioned weaknesses were observed in the issues documentation/reporting, hygiene and ethics. We identified several unique patterns regarding quality in the ICU of which long-term personnel problems und lack of good reporting methods were most interesting

          Conclusion: Voluntary peer review could be established as a feasible and valuable tool for quality improvement. Peer reports addressed common areas of interest in intensive care medicine in more detail compared to other methods like measurement of quality indicators.

          Zusammenfassung

          Einleitung: Die Verbesserung von Qualität und Sicherheit in der Intensivmedizin gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Allerdings fehlt ein Goldstandard für die Beurteilung von Qualitätsverbesserung in der Intensivmedizin. Im Jahr 2007 begann ein Pilotprojekt auf deutschen Intensivstationen, das freiwilliges Peer Review als innovatives Instrument zur Qualitätsbewertung und -verbesserung nutzt. Wir beschreiben die Methode des freiwilligen Peer Review und untersuchten ihre Durchführbarkeit. Wir analysierten anonymisierte Peer-Review-Berichte auf die thematischen Schwerpunkte, die in den Berichten hervorgehoben waren.

          Methode: Retrospektive Datenanalyse von 22 anonymisierten Peer-Review-Berichten. Alle 22 Intensivstationen – mit zusammen mehr als 300 Patientenbetten – hatten sich freiwilligen Peer Reviews unterzogen. Die Daten wurden aus den Berichten der Peer Reviewer und aus den Rückmeldungen der besuchten Intensivstationen gewonnen. Die Daten wurden im Hinblick auf die Anzahl der behandelten Themen und die Ergebnisse der Bewertungsbögen analysiert. Berichte über Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken (SWOT-Berichte) dieser Intensivstationen werden vorgestellt.

          Ergebnisse: Die Bewertung der Struktur, Prozess- und Ergebnisindikatoren zeigte einen hohen Erreichungsgrad der vorgegebenen Qualitätsziele. In den SWOT-Berichten wurden 11 Hauptthemen, die auf allen besuchten Intensivstationen als relevant eingestuft wurden, identifiziert. 58,1% der genannten Themen betrafen Personalfragen, Team- und Kommunikationsfragen sowie Organisation und Behandlungsstandards. Als Schwachstellen wurden die Themen Dokumentation/Reporting, Hygiene und Ethik eingestuft.

          Fazit: Das freiwillige intensivmedizinische Peer Review stellte sich als einfach anwendbares und wertvolles Instrument für die Qualitätsverbesserung heraus. Die Peer-Review-Berichte behandelten allgemeine Problemschwerpunkte in der Intensivmedizin detaillierter als andere Methoden, wie z.B. die ausschließliche Messung von Qualitätsindikatoren.

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          Most cited references27

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          Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains of healthcare: a review of the literature.

          T. Manser (2009)
          This review examines current research on teamwork in highly dynamic domains of healthcare such as operating rooms, intensive care, emergency medicine, or trauma and resuscitation teams with a focus on aspects relevant to the quality and safety of patient care. Evidence from three main areas of research supports the relationship between teamwork and patient safety: (1) Studies investigating the factors contributing to critical incidents and adverse events have shown that teamwork plays an important role in the causation and prevention of adverse events. (2) Research focusing on healthcare providers' perceptions of teamwork demonstrated that (a) staff's perceptions of teamwork and attitudes toward safety-relevant team behavior were related to the quality and safety of patient care and (b) perceptions of teamwork and leadership style are associated with staff well-being, which may impact clinician' ability to provide safe patient care. (3) Observational studies on teamwork behaviors related to high clinical performance have identified patterns of communication, coordination, and leadership that support effective teamwork. In recent years, research using diverse methodological approaches has led to significant progress in team research in healthcare. The challenge for future research is to further develop and validate instruments for team performance assessment and to develop sound theoretical models of team performance in dynamic medical domains integrating evidence from all three areas of team research identified in this review. This will help to improve team training efforts and aid the design of clinical work systems supporting effective teamwork and safe patient care.
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            Quality collaboratives: lessons from research.

            Quality improvement collaboratives are increasingly being used in many countries to achieve rapid improvements in health care. However, there is little independent evidence that they are more cost effective than other methods, and little knowledge about how they could be made more effective. A number of systematic evaluations are being performed by researchers in North America, the UK, and Sweden. This paper presents the shared ideas from two meetings of these researchers. The evidence to date is that some collaboratives have stimulated improvements in patient care and organisational performance, but there are significant differences between collaboratives and teams. The researchers agreed on the possible reasons why some were less successful than others, and identified 10 challenges which organisers and teams need to address to achieve improvement. In the absence of more conclusive evidence, these guidelines are likely to be useful for collaborative organisers, teams and their managers and may also contribute to further research into collaboratives and the spread of innovations in health care.
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              • Article: not found

              Recommendations on basic requirements for intensive care units: structural and organizational aspects.

              To provide guidance and recommendations for the planning or renovation of intensive care units (ICUs) with respect to the specific characteristics relevant to organizational and structural aspects of intensive care medicine. The Working Group on Quality Improvement (WGQI) of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) identified the basic requirements for ICUs by a comprehensive literature search and an iterative process with several rounds of consensus finding with the participation of 47 intensive care physicians from 23 countries. The starting point of this process was an ESICM recommendation published in 1997 with the need for an updated version. The document consists of operational guidelines and design recommendations for ICUs. In the first part it covers the definition and objectives of an ICU, functional criteria, activity criteria, and the management of equipment. The second part deals with recommendations with respect to the planning process, floorplan and connections, accommodation, fire safety, central services, and the necessary communication systems. This document provides a detailed framework for the planning or renovation of ICUs based on a multinational consensus within the ESICM.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ger Med Sci
                Ger Med Sci
                GMS Ger Med Sci
                GMS German Medical Science
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1612-3174
                15 December 2014
                2014
                : 12
                : Doc17
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
                [2 ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
                [3 ]Quality Committee of the State Chamber of Physicians, Hamburg, Germany
                [4 ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Heidenheim, Heidenheim, Germany
                [5 ]Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
                [6 ]Kreiskliniken Reutlingen GmbH, Reutlingen, Germany
                [7 ]Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
                [8 ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda, Germany
                [9 ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
                [10 ]German Medical Association, Berlin, Germany
                [11 ]State Chamber of Physicians Berlin, Berlin, Germany
                [12 ]State Chamber of Physicians Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
                [13 ]State Chamber of Physicians Thüringen, Jena, Germany
                [14 ]State Chamber of Physicians Schleswig-Holstein, Bad Segeberg, Germany
                [15 ]State Chamber of Physicians Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
                [16 ]Trauma Surgery Department, University Hospital Essen, Germany
                [17 ]The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
                [18 ]Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helios Klinikum Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Oliver Kumpf, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – University Medical Center Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Phone: 0049 30 450 631108, Fax: 0049 30 450 531912, E-mail: oliver.kumpf@ 123456charite.de
                Article
                000202 Doc17 urn:nbn:de:0183-0002028
                10.3205/000202
                4270273
                25587245
                1611c01e-92ab-4650-9e7f-42fe60007ba0
                Copyright © 2014 Kumpf et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 25 September 2014
                : 25 November 2014
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                peer review,critical care,patient safety,quality improvement,quality management
                Medicine
                peer review, critical care, patient safety, quality improvement, quality management

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