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      Determinants of short birth interval among ever married reproductive age women living in Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia 2020 (unmatched case–control study)

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          A short birth interval is a universal public health problem resulting in adverse maternal, neonatal, and child outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify determinants of short birth interval among ever married reproductive age mothers who live in Jigjiga city administration, Eastern Ethiopia, 2020.

          Methods:

          A community-based unmatched case–control study was used among 194 cases and 194 controls in Jigjiga city administration from September to December 2020. Cases were women with short birth interval (less than 3 years) and controls were women with optimum birth interval (3–5 years). Simple random sampling technique was employed to select cases and controls. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.2 and analysis with SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression with 95% confidence interval at p < 0.05 is used to declare significantly associated predictors of short birth interval.

          Result:

          This study reported that women who have not attended formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 5.28, 95% confidence interval: (2.25–12.36)), attended primary education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.79, 95% confidence interval: (1.46–5.34)), women who married to a polygamous husband (adjusted odds ratio = 3.69, 95% confidence interval: (1.80–7.58)), having a history of neonatal death (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval: (1.07–4.32)), preceding child being female (adjusted odds ratio = 3.69, 95% confidence interval: (2.02–6.72)), and never used contraceptive methods (adjusted odds ratio = 3.69, 95% confidence interval: (2.02–6.72)) were identified as determinants of the short birth interval.

          Conclusion:

          Short birth intervals were associated with educational level of the women, sex of the baby, husband marriage types, history of neonatal death, and contraceptive utilization. Strategy should be engaged to enhance women education, contraceptive uses, and to decrease neonatal death.

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          Most cited references41

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          A Systematic Study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Interactions

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            Effects of birth spacing on maternal, perinatal, infant, and child health: a systematic review of causal mechanisms.

            This systematic review of 58 observational studies identified hypothetical causal mechanisms explaining the effects of short and long intervals between pregnancies on maternal, perinatal, infant, and child health, and critically examined the scientific evidence for each causal mechanism hypothesized. The following hypothetical causal mechanisms for explaining the association between short intervals and adverse outcomes were identified: maternal nutritional depletion, folate depletion, cervical insufficiency, vertical transmission of infections, suboptimal lactation related to breastfeeding-pregnancy overlap, sibling competition, transmission of infectious diseases among siblings, incomplete healing of uterine scar from previous cesarean delivery, and abnormal remodeling of endometrial blood vessels. Women's physiological regression is the only hypothetical causal mechanism that has been proposed to explain the association between long intervals and adverse outcomes. We found growing evidence supporting most of these hypotheses.
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              Interpregnancy Interval and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: An Analysis of Successive Pregnancies.

              To examine the association between interpregnancy interval and maternal-neonate health when matching women to their successive pregnancies to control for differences in maternal risk factors and compare these results with traditional unmatched designs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                SAGE Open Med
                SAGE Open Med
                SMO
                spsmo
                SAGE Open Medicine
                SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                2050-3121
                23 December 2021
                2021
                : 9
                : 20503121211067870
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
                [2 ]Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
                [3 ]Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
                Author notes
                [*]Abdurahman Kedir Roble, Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia. Emails: kedirabdurahman114@ 123456gmail.com ; abdurahmankedirroble@ 123456jju.edu.et
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-8737
                Article
                10.1177_20503121211067870
                10.1177/20503121211067870
                8725026
                34992784
                167349d7-d356-40eb-b1e7-57aeffd9a57f
                © The Author(s) 2021

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 18 August 2021
                : 2 December 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: JIgjiga University, ;
                Award ID: JJU CMHS 004/2012
                Categories
                Original Research Article
                Custom metadata
                January-December 2021
                ts1

                birth spacing,inter pregnancy interval,birth interval,pregnancy interval

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