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      Rivaroxabán e inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina: análisis comparativo del riesgo de sangrado Translated title: Rivaroxaban and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: bleeding risk resulting from their concomitant use

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: La combinación de rivaroxabán e inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina presenta un riesgo de interacción farmacodinámica y farmacocinética que depende del tipo de inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina empleado, ya que algunos son inhibidores del citocromo p450, mientras que otros no lo son. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar con datos de vida real si el tipo de inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina utilizado influye en la frecuencia y en la gravedad de sangrado en pacientes anticoagulados con rivaroxabán. Método: Estudio observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo y unicéntrico, realizado entre enero de 2016 y febrero de 2020 en pacientes ≥ 18 años que recibían rivaroxabán, en indicaciones autorizadas y financiadas, y que estaban siendo tratados concomitantemente con inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina. Se establecieron dos cohortes en función del inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina coadministrado: inhibidores del CYP3A4 (grupo 1) —sertralina, fluoxetina y paroxetina—, y no inhibidores del CYP3A4 (grupo 2) —citalopram y escitalopram—. Se analizaron los eventos hemorrágicos, la gravedad del sangrado, la dosis diaria de rivaroxabán y la medicación concomitante que pudiese influir en el riesgo de sangrado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 146 pacientes (89 en el grupo 1 y 57 en el grupo 2) y se identificaron un total de 35 eventos hemorrágicos (24% de los pacientes), de los que 12 fueron eventos mayores y 23 menores. La frecuencia de sangrado fue ligeramente mayor en el grupo 1 que en el 2 (25,8% (versus 21%), pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos, ni tampoco en la frecuencia de sangrados mayores (10,1% (versus 5,3%; p = 0,235) o menores (13,5% (versus 15,8%; p = 0,496). La frecuencia de eventos hemorrágicos con la dosis de 20 mg fue del 9% (8/89) en el grupo 1 y del 14% (8/57) en el grupo 2 (p = 0,2137), mientras que con una dosis de 15 mg la frecuencia de eventos fue del 16,9% (15/89) en el grupo 1 y del 7% (4/57) en el grupo 2 (p = 0,042). Conclusiones: No se han hallado diferencias significativas en el riesgo de sangrado según el tipo de inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina que se administre de forma concomitante al rivaroxabán. Sí se han observado diferencias significativas en función de la dosis de rivaroxabán utilizada.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: The combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with rivaroxaban may result in a dual interaction (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) depending on the type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor employed (CYP3A4-inhibiting vs. non-CYP3A4 inhibiting). The purpose of this study was to use real world data to determine if the type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used plays a role in the risk and severity of bleeding in patients receiving rivaroxaban. Method: This was a single-center retrospective longitudinal observational study carried out between January 2016 and February 2020 in patients aged 18 years or older treated concurrently with rivaroxaban (prescribed for treatments) and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Patients were divided into two groups according to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor they received, i.e., a CYP3A4 inhibitor (group 1): sertraline, fluoxetine and paroxetine, or a non-CYP3A4 inhibitor (group 2): citalopram and escitalopram. We analyzed the bleeding events and severity, the daily dose of rivaroxaban used and the medication administered concomitantly. Results: A total of 146 patients were included (89 in group 1 and 57 in group 2) and 35 bleeding events (24% of patients) were identified, of which 12 were major and 23 were minor. The bleeding rate was higher in group 1 (25.8% vs 21.0%) but there were no differences in major bleeding (10.1% vs 5.3%; p = 0.235) or minor bleeding (13.5% vs 15.8%; p = 0.496). The bleeding rate with a daily rivaroxaban dose of 20 mg was 9% (8/89) in group 1 and 14% (8/57) in group 2 (p = 0.2137), as compared with 16.9% (15/89) in group 1 (versus 7% (4/57) in group 2 (p = 0.042) for a daily 15 mg dose. Conclusions: Although the type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used concurrently with rivaroxaban was not found to influence the patients' bleeding risk, a significant increase in the risk of bleeding was observed based on the dose of rivaroxaban used.

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          Most cited references24

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          Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study

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            Projections on the number of individuals with atrial fibrillation in the European Union, from 2000 to 2060.

            Since atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, estimations on the number of individuals with AF are relevant to healthcare planning. We aimed to project the number of individuals with AF in the Netherlands and in the European Union from 2000 to 2060. Age- and sex-specific AF prevalence estimates were obtained from the prospective community-based Rotterdam Study. Population projections for the Netherlands and the European Union were obtained from the European Union's statistics office. In the age stratum of 55-59 years, the prevalence of AF was 1.3% in men (95% CI: 0.4-3.6%) and 1.7% in women (95% CI: 0.7-4.0%). The prevalence of AF increased to 24.2% in men (95% CI: 18.5-30.7%), and 16.1% in women (95% CI: 13.1-19.4%), for those >85 years of age. This age- and sex-specific prevalence remained stable during the years of follow-up. Furthermore, we estimate that in the European Union, 8.8 million adults over 55 years had AF in 2010 (95% CI: 6.5-12.3 million). We project that this number will double by 2060 to 17.9 million (95% CI: 13.6-23.7 million) if the age- and sex-specific prevalence remains stable. We estimate that from 2010 to 2060, the number of adults 55 years and over with AF in the European Union will more than double. As AF is associated with significant morbidities and mortality, this increasing number of individuals with AF may have major public health implications.
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              2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                February 2022
                : 46
                : 1
                : 10-14
                Affiliations
                [2] Madrid orgnameHospital Enfermera Isabel Zendal orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1130-63432022000100010 S1130-6343(22)04600100010
                10.7399/fh.11776
                168cb9d2-92ab-4d32-bd1b-2fbe7e710e8e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 June 2021
                : 26 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Anticoagulantes,Hemorragia,Rivaroxabán,Inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina,Interacciones farmacológicas,Seguridad del paciente,Anticoagulants,Hemorrhage,Rivaroxaban,Serotonin reuptake inhibitors,Pharmacological interactions,Patient safety

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