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      Estrategias de afrontamiento a la sobrecarga de cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad renal en diálisis Translated title: Coping strategies to the burden of caregivers of patients with kidney disease on dialysis

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Asumir el rol de cuidadores familiares hacia personas con enfermedad renal y en diálisis por tiempo prolongado puede conllevar a agotamiento psicológico que hace a la persona inoperante y emocionalmente inestable; perjudicando su salud y la del receptor del cuidado. Objetivo: Explorar las estrategias de afrontamiento y el contexto en que son implementadas por los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con enfermedad renal en tratamiento de diálisis para lidiar con la sobrecarga. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico-descriptivo con entrevistas semi-estructuradas individuales. Se utilizó la Escala de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit para determinar inicialmente la sobrecarga de los cuidadores familiares. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 4 cuidadores familiares con puntuaciones de carga intensa mayores (>56 puntos). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos. Se realizó análisis temático según el método fenomenológico de Colaizzi. Resultados: Se identificaron 6 temas principales: Inicio como cuidadores familiares, Vivencias como cuidadores familiares, Perspectivas como cuidadores familiares, Sobrecarga y Estrategias de afrontamiento, Necesidades de cuidadores familiares y Receptor del cuidado. Las estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas incluyeron: ejercicios de respiración, oración y tejer. Los cuidadores también se enfrentan a una constante de sentimientos para dejarlo todo, evitar la comunicación y recurrir a conductas de riesgo. Conclusiones: Las vivencias de cuidadores familiares requieren de un equipo interprofesional que implemente intervenciones para aliviar la carga de los cuidadores y que estos amplíen su marco de estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida del receptor del cuidado en el hogar.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Assuming the role of family caregivers for a prolonged period of people with kidney disease and on dialysis can lead to psychological exhaustion that makes the person inoperative and emotionally unstable; harming the health of the caregiver and the person cared for. Objective: To explore the coping strategies and the context in which they are implemented by family caregivers of patients with kidney disease undergoing dialysis treatment to deal with overload. Material and Method: Qualitative study with a descriptive-phenomenological design using individual semi-structured interviews. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale was used to initially determine the overload of family caregivers. Four family caregivers with higher heavy burden scores (>56 points) were selected at convenience. Sociodemographic data were collected. Thematic analysis was carried out according to the Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Results: Six main themes were identified: Starting as family caregivers, Family caregiver’s experiences, Perspectives as family caregivers, Overload and coping strategies, Needs of family caregivers and Care recipient. Adaptive coping strategies included: breathing exercises, prayer, and knitting. Caregivers also face a constant feeling of leaving everything, avoiding communication, and engaging in risky behaviors. Conclusions: Family caregiver’s experiences require an interprofessional team to implement interventions to alleviate caregiver burden and thus broaden their framework of strategies to improve the quality of life of the home care recipient.

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          Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method

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            Support interventions for caregivers of people with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

            A growing number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) rely on non-professional healthcare providers, such as family and friends, to manage their long-term condition throughout the trajectory of CKD. These informal caregivers can experience stress, depression, lack of confidence and poor quality of life. Yet, the needs of caregivers are often neglected and under-prioritized. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at providing support to caregivers of people with CKD. We conducted a systematic review of studies that evaluated any intervention for informal caregivers of CKD patients. We searched five electronic databases (up to January Week 5, 2008) including Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register and reference lists of relevant articles. Three studies were identified that evaluated an intervention for caregivers of CKD patients. All three only assessed the effect of educational material on caregivers' knowledge. Two evaluated information provided to caregivers of dialysis patients using a pre- and post-test study design. The other study used participatory action research methods to develop and evaluate an information handbook for transplant patients and their caregivers. Studies consistently found that the provision of information improved caregivers' knowledge. No other outcomes were reported. Despite the growing recognition of the burden and adverse effects of CKD on caregivers, no high-quality evidence is available about the effect of information or support interventions on the physical or psychosocial well-being of informal caregivers and the patients. More attention towards the development and evaluation of services that respond to the support and informational needs of caregivers is needed, and this may also lead to improved outcomes for patients.
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              Burden and coping strategies among Jordanian caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

              Recent studies reported hemodialysis patients' sufferings from physical and psychosocial issues, but few studies reported family-caregiver burdens. This study aims to explore the burdens and coping strategies of caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. Caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis (n = 139) at 3 dialysis units were given 3 forms: Caregiver and Patient Characteristics, Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale Difficulty Subscale, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale was significantly related to self-controlling (r = 0.20) and seeking social support (r = 0.17). Caregiver burden was positively and significantly correlated with self-controlling coping subscale, with t = 1.10, P = 0.05, and β = 0.25. Living with the patient was the only variable that was a significant predictor of burden, with t = 2.96, P = 0.00, and β = 0.331. Living with patients predicted caregiver burden, and the burden scale correlated with self-controlling. The findings contribute to the evidence on the adverse health effects of caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis. This study suggests that nursing interventions should target caregiver knowledge for better coping.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                June 2021
                : 24
                : 2
                : 149-161
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de Puerto Rico orgdiv1Facultad de Escuela de Enfermería orgdiv2Recinto de Ciencias Médicas Puerto Rico
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Puerto Rico orgdiv1Recinto de Ciencias Médicas Puerto Rico
                Article
                S2254-28842021000200149 S2254-2884(21)02400200149
                10.37551/s2254-28842021014
                168dc645-9e73-45bc-9ddc-a852a4bab1c9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 January 2021
                : 02 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 13
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                SciELO Spain

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                caregiver,fenomenología,estrategias de afrontamiento,sobrecarga,diálisis,enfermedad renal,cuidadores,phenomenology,overload,dialysis,renal disease,coping strategies

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