Large male bias in collection of Micropterix facetella Zeller, 1851 (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)

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Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness

ERIK J. VAN NIEUKERKEN, LAURI KAILA, IAN J. KITCHING … (2011)

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Evidence for common horizontal transmission of Wolbachia among butterflies and moths

Muhammad Z. Ahmed, Jesse W Breinholt, Akito Y. Kawahara (2016)

Background Wolbachia is one of the most widespread bacteria on Earth. Previous research on Wolbachia-host interactions indicates that the bacterium is typically transferred vertically, from mother to offspring, through the egg cytoplasm. Although horizontal transmission of Wolbachia from one species to another is reported to be common in arthropods, limited direct ecological evidence is available. In this study, we examine horizontal transmission of Wolbachia using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) strains dataset and used Wolbachia and Lepidoptera genomes to search for evidence for lateral gene transfer (LGT) in Lepidoptera, one of the most diverse cosmopolitan insect orders. We constructed a phylogeny of arthropod-associated MLST Wolbachia strains and calibrated the age of Wolbachia strains associated with lepidopteran species. Results Our results reveal inter-specific, inter-generic, inter-familial, and inter-ordinal horizontal transmission of Wolbachia strains, without discernible geographic patterns. We found at least seven probable cases of horizontal transmission among 31 species within Lepidoptera and between Lepidoptera and other arthropod hosts. The divergence time analysis revealed that Wolbachia is recently (22.6–4.7 mya, 95 % HPD) introduced in Lepidoptera. Analysis of nine Lepidoptera genomes (Bombyx mori, Danaus plexippus, Heliconius melpomene, Manduca sexta, Melitaea cinxia, Papilio glaucus, P. polytes, P. xuthus and Plutella xylostella) yielded one possible instance of Wolbachia LGT. Conclusions Our results provide evidence of high incidence of identical and multiple strains of Wolbachia among butterflies and moths, adding Lepidoptera to the growing body of evidence for common horizontal transmission of Wolbachia. This study demonstrates interesting dynamics of this remarkable and influential microorganism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0660-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Wolbachia in butterflies and moths: geographic structure in infection frequency

Muhammad Z. Ahmed, Eli Araujo-Jnr, John Welch … (2015)

Introduction Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) constitute one of the most diverse insect orders, and play an important role in ecosystem function. However, little is known in terms of their bacterial communities. Wolbachia, perhaps the most common and widespread intracellular bacterium on Earth, can manipulate the physiology and reproduction of its hosts, and is transmitted vertically from mother to offspring, or sometimes horizontally between species. While its role in some hosts has been studied extensively, its incidence across Lepidoptera is poorly understood. A recent analysis using a beta-binomial model to infer the between-species distribution of prevalence estimated that approximately 40 % of arthropod species are infected with Wolbachia, but particular taxonomic groups and ecological niches seem to display substantially higher or lower incidences. In this study, we took an initial step and applied a similar, maximum likelihood approach to 300 species of Lepidoptera (7604 individuals from 660 populations) belonging to 17 families and 10 superfamilies, and sampled from 36 countries, representing all continents excluding Antarctica. Results Approximately a quarter to a third of individuals appear to be infected with Wolbachia, and around 80 % of Lepidoptera species are infected at a non-negligible frequency. This incidence estimate is very high compared to arthropods in general. Wolbachia infection in Lepidoptera is shown to vary between families, but there is no evidence for closely related groups to show similar infection levels. True butterflies (Papilionoidea) are overrepresented in our data, however, our estimates show this group can be taken as a representative for the other major lepidopteran superfamilies. We also show substantial variation in infection level according to geography – closer locations tend to show similar infection levels. We further show that variation in geography is due to a latitudinal gradient in Wolbachia infection, with lower frequencies towards higher latitudes. Conclusions Our comprehensive survey of Wolbachia infection in Lepidoptera suggests that infection incidence is very high, and provides evidence that climate and geography are strong predictors of infection frequency. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-015-0107-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Journal

Title: Nota Lepidopterologica

Abbreviated Title: NL

Publisher: Pensoft Publishers

ISSN (Electronic): 2367-5365

ISSN (Print): 0342-7536

Publication date Created: May 16 2018

Publication date (Electronic): May 16 2018

Volume: 41

Issue: 1

Pages: 119-123

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DOI: 10.3897/nl.41.23626

SO-VID: 16a40f37-9fea-40a4-9b5a-aad9b53355ac

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Large male bias in collection of Micropterix facetella Zeller, 1851 (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)

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Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness

Evidence for common horizontal transmission of Wolbachia among butterflies and moths

Wolbachia in butterflies and moths: geographic structure in infection frequency

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