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      Diet of Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) caddisfly larvae in forest streams of western Pará, central Brazilian Amazonia Translated title: Dieta de larvas de Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) em riachos florestais do Oeste do Pará, Amazônia central brasileira

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Aim The aquatic larvae of the Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) caddisflies are typical shredders. However, the trophic classification of Phylloicus has been based on the morphology and behaviour of the larvae. The aim of this study was to investigate the diet of caddisfly larvae Phylloicus in streams. Methods In order to provide a more reliable classification of Phylloicus diet, we analyzed the stomach contents of 185 larvae collected, sampled with D-frame entomological net from 18 streams located in the tropical forests of western Pará, Brazil. We compared the stomach contents between the larval stages, seasons (dry and rainy), and substrates (i.e., sand, leaf litter, roots, clay and mixed substrates). Results We identified the stomach contents as fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and plant tissue. The diet of the Phylloicus larvae was composed basically of FPOM, independent of the larval stage (90,4%), was a higher consumption of FPOM in the dry season and there were no significant differences in food resource between substrates. Conclusions These findings indicate that the classification of Phylloicus as a shredder may in fact be based on the processing of leaves for the building of larval cases, rather than the diet, which is in fact detritivorous, enjoying the availability of FPOM in the streams. The great quantity of FPOM consumed by caddisfly larvae Phylloicus highlight the importance of this food resource for macroinvertebrate communities from tropical streams. Therefore, regional studies of feeding habits are needed for accurate classification trophic of Phylloicus.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Objetivo Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) é um gênero de inseto aquático cujas larvas são consideradas fragmentadoras típicas. Porém, a classificação trófica de Phylloicus tem sido baseada na morfologia e comportamento das larvas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a dieta de larvas de Phylloicus em riachos. Métodos Assim, para estabelecer a correta dieta alimentar de Phylloicus analisamos o conteúdo estomacal de 185 larvas coletadas, amostradas com rede entomológica D em 18 riachos de floresta tropical no Oeste do Pará, Brasil. Comparamos o conteúdo estomacal entre os estádios larvais, períodos sazonais (seco e chuvoso) e substratos (e.g. areia, folhiço, raiz, substrato misto). Resultados Identificamos os conteúdos estomacais como matéria orgânica particulada fina (MOPF), matéria orgânica particulada grossa (MOPG) e tecido vegetal. Independentemente do estádio larval, a dieta de Phylloicus foi composta basicamente MOPF (90,4%), houve maior consumo de MOPF no período seco e não houve diferenças significativas no consumo de recursos alimentares entre substratos. Conclusões Esses resultados indicam que a classificação de Phylloicus como fragmentador deve ser associada somente à quebra de folhas para a construção de abrigos e não a sua dieta, que é detritívora, aproveitando a disponibilidade de MOPF nos riachos. A grande quantidade de FPOM consumida por larvas de Phylloicus destaca a importância desse recurso alimentar para comunidades de macroinvertebrados de riachos tropicais. Portanto, estudos regionais de hábitos alimentares são necessários para uma classificação precisa trófica de Phylloicus.

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          Most cited references53

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          The Role of Invertebrates on Leaf Litter Decomposition in Streams - a Review

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            From Litterfall to Breakdown in Streams: A Review

            This paper is a review of recent (≤10 years) information on litterfall, standing stock of benthic organic matter, breakdown rates, and fungal colonization of organic matter in streams. In some cases, recent research reinforces the findings of classic reference papers. In other cases, the additional knowledge provided by recent research introduces a higher variation in the processes analyzed. In many aspects, especially those concerning stream organic matter, the review is biased towards the temperate North American streams, reflecting the fact that most research was carried out there. However, during the 1990s European studies increased enormously, especially those related with instream processes, such as leaf litter decomposition. The first part of this review analyzes the origin of allochthonous organic matter to streams (litterfall, retention, and storage), and it provides data on the amounts estimated in different streams and on the methodology used in the studies. The second part analyzes the fate of detritus in streams: mechanisms of leaf breakdown, relative importance of fungi and bacteria, factors affecting the activity of microbial decomposers, and chemical changes of leaf litter during decomposition. A list of breakdown rates of several different leaf species is given, together with the methodology used, and the main characteristics of the incubation streams.
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              Trophic Levels and Functional Feeding Groups of Macroinvertebrates in Neotropical Streams

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                alb
                Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
                Acta Limnol. Bras.
                Associação Brasileira de Limnologia (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil )
                2179-975X
                2020
                : 32
                : e13
                Affiliations
                [01] Santarém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará orgdiv1Laboratório de Ecologia e Taxonomia de Invertebrados Aquáticos Brazil
                [02] Santarém Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Oeste do Pará orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas orgdiv2Laboratório de Ecologia e Taxonomia de Invertebrados Aquáticos Brazil
                [03] Altamira Pará orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Pará orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Naturais e Tecnologia orgdiv2Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental Brazil
                Article
                S2179-975X2020000100509 S2179-975X(20)03200000509
                10.1590/s2179-975x0119
                16e604af-f28b-4f8f-b2c9-0f03fdd18e70

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 May 2020
                : 03 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 65, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                tropical streams,substratos,aquatic insects,trophic ecology,substrates,insetos aquáticos,riachos tropicais,ecologia trófica

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