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      Un sistema de vigilancia de salud pública para el cambio climático en las ciudades Translated title: A public health surveillance system applied to climate change for cities

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          Abstract

          Resumen Se presenta una primera propuesta de sistema de vigilancia de salud pública aplicado al cambio climático en el contexto urbano, y el proceso que llevó a su definición. Tras varios años de seguimiento de los diversos aspectos del cambio climático y de su impacto, desde los servicios de salud pública de Barcelona se formuló una propuesta preliminar y se reunió un grupo de trabajo de personas expertas que discutieron y valoraron su contenido. Se partió de cuatro categorías de componentes: datos de clima, impactos en salud del cambio climático y sus determinantes, contribuciones de la ciudad a la mitigación (especialmente con cobeneficios para la salud) y acciones para reducir la vulnerabilidad ante eventos extremos. Se desglosaron en 12 componentes, con indicadores para cada uno. El esquema se refinó con aportaciones posteriores y se ha incorporado al trabajo de los servicios de salud pública de la ciudad implicados en este campo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This paper makes a first proposal for a public health surveillance system for climate change in cities, and describes the process that led to its definition. After several years of monitoring different aspects related to climate change and its impact, the public health services of Barcelona made a preliminary proposal and gathered a working group of experts to discuss and review it. Four categories of components were defined: climate data, health impacts of climate change and its determinants, contributions of the city to mitigation (especially those with health co-benefits), and actions to reduce vulnerability to extreme events. They were broken in twelve components, with indicators for each. The proposal was further refined with subsequent reviews, and is being used by the city public health services involved in this field.

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          Most cited references10

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          Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: overview and implications for policy makers.

          This Series has examined the health implications of policies aimed at tackling climate change. Assessments of mitigation strategies in four domains-household energy, transport, food and agriculture, and electricity generation-suggest an important message: that actions to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions often, although not always, entail net benefits for health. In some cases, the potential benefits seem to be substantial. This evidence provides an additional and immediate rationale for reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions beyond that of climate change mitigation alone. Climate change is an increasing and evolving threat to the health of populations worldwide. At the same time, major public health burdens remain in many regions. Climate change therefore adds further urgency to the task of addressing international health priorities, such as the UN Millennium Development Goals. Recognition that mitigation strategies can have substantial benefits for both health and climate protection offers the possibility of policy choices that are potentially both more cost effective and socially attractive than are those that address these priorities independently. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group.

            The purpose of evaluating public health surveillance systems is to ensure that problems of public health importance are being monitored efficiently and effectively. CDC's Guidelines for Evaluating Surveillance Systems are being updated to address the need for a) the integration of surveillance and health information systems, b) the establishment of data standards, c) the electronic exchange of health data, and d) changes in the objectives of public health surveillance to facilitate the response of public health to emerging health threats (e.g., new diseases). This report provides updated guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems based on CDC's Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health, research and discussion of concerns related to public health surveillance systems, and comments received from the public health community. The guidelines in this report describe many tasks and related activities that can be applied to public health surveillance systems.
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              Monitoring and Evaluation Indicators for Climate Change-Related Health Impacts, Risks, Adaptation, and Resilience

              Climate change poses a range of current and future health risks that health professionals need to understand, track, and manage. However, conventional monitoring and evaluation (M&E) as practiced in the health sector, including the use of indicators, does not adequately serve this purpose. Improved indicators are needed in three broad categories: (1) vulnerability and exposure to climate-related hazards; (2) current impacts and projected risks; and (3) adaptation processes and health system resilience. These indicators are needed at the population level and at the health systems level (including clinical care and public health). Selected indicators must be sensitive, valid, and useful. And they must account for uncertainties about the magnitude and pattern of climate change; the broad range of upstream drivers of climate-sensitive health outcomes; and the complexities of adaptation itself, including institutional learning and knowledge management to inform iterative risk management. Barriers and constraints to implementing such indicators must be addressed, and lessons learned need to be added to the evidence base. This paper describes an approach to climate and health indicators, including characteristics of the indicators, implementation, and research needs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                June 2022
                : 36
                : 3
                : 283-286
                Affiliations
                [1] Barcelona orgnameAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona España
                Article
                S0213-91112022000300283 S0213-9111(22)03600300283
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.01.003
                33722402
                16edc536-fa01-4a1c-b1c6-fbbf83b481cf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 January 2021
                : 10 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas de Campo

                Urban health,Salud pública,Cambio climático,Vigilancia de salud pública,Indicadores,Salud urbana,Public health,Climate change,Public health surveillance,Indicators

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