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      Overall prognosis of preschool autism spectrum disorder diagnoses

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 1 , 7 , 8
      Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group
      Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Prognosis). The objectives are as follows: The primary objective of this review is to synthesise the available evidence on the proportion of individuals who have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder at baseline and at follow‐up one or more years later. The secondary objectives of this review are to: investigate whether there are differences in the proportions of individuals with autism spectrum disorder who maintain a diagnosis at follow‐up dependent on use of the different classification systems (i.e. DSM or ICD criteria) and their revisions; and investigate the proportion of individuals with autism spectrum disorder who maintain diagnosis at follow‐up in important subgroups of individuals, including those of different ages and those with different language levels (verbal/non‐verbal; standard score ≤ 70 or > 70), IQs (≤ 70 or > 70), adaptive behaviour (standard score ≤ 70 or > 70), and different diagnostic subgroups (Asperger's syndrome/disorder, autistic disorder, childhood autism, PDD‐NOS, atypical autism, PDD and autism spectrum disorder). We will investigate potential sources of heterogeneity that may impact outcomes such as differences in study participation, study design, length of follow‐up, participant attrition and participant outcome measurement factors. We will use internationally recognised standards for systematic reviews to guide the review.

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          Most cited references26

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          Cognitive, language, social and behavioural outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of longitudinal follow-up studies in adulthood.

          Although increasing numbers of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are now entering adolescence and adulthood, there is limited research on outcomes post childhood. A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted. PsycINFO, PubMed, MedLine and CINAHL were systematically searched using keywords related to ASD and adolescent and adult outcomes. Studies of individuals diagnosed with ASD in childhood and followed up into adulthood were identified and reviewed. Only studies with samples sizes >10, mean age at outcome >16 years and at least one previous assessment in childhood (<16 years) were included. Twenty-five studies meeting criteria were identified. Reported outcomes in adulthood were highly variable across studies. Although social functioning, cognitive ability and language skills remained relatively stable in some studies, others reported deterioration over time. Adaptive functioning tended to improve in most studies. Diagnosis of autism or ASD was generally stable, although severity of autism-related behavioural symptoms was often reported to improve. Childhood IQ and early language ability appeared to be the strongest predictors of later outcome, but few studies examined other early variables associated with adult functioning. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to methodological challenges in longitudinal outcome research and future research directions. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

            Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by patterns of delay and deviance in the development of social, communicative, and cognitive skills that arise in the first years of life. Although frequently associated with intellectual disability, this condition is distinctive in its course, impact, and treatment. Autism spectrum disorder has a wide range of syndrome expression and its management presents particular challenges for clinicians. Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder can present for clinical care at any point in development. The multiple developmental and behavioral problems associated with this condition necessitate multidisciplinary care, coordination of services, and advocacy for individuals and their families. Early, sustained intervention and the use of multiple treatment modalities are indicated.
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              The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders: background, inter-rater reliability and clinical use

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
                Wiley
                14651858
                August 24 2017
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; 50 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria Australia 3052
                [2 ]Deakin University; Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology; Geelong Victoria Australia
                [3 ]Sydney Children's Hospital Network; High Street Randwick NSW Australia 2031
                [4 ]UNSW Sydney; School of Women's & Children's Health; Randwick Australia
                [5 ]University of Technology Sydney; Australian Centre for Public and Population Health, Faculty of Health; Sydney NSW Australia 2007
                [6 ]McMaster University; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI); 1280 Main Street West CRL - 140 Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4K1
                [7 ]The University of Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics; Parkville Victoria Australia 3010
                [8 ]The Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Neurodevelopment & Disability; 50 Flemington Rd Parkville Victoria Australia 3052
                Article
                10.1002/14651858.CD012749
                6483723
                174d8ebc-2d68-4523-907a-537ec88e49c6
                © 2017

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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