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      Self‐Healable Multifunctional Electronic Tattoos Based on Silk and Graphene

      1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
      Advanced Functional Materials
      Wiley

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          Electronic transport properties of individual chemically reduced graphene oxide sheets.

          Individual graphene oxide sheets subjected to chemical reduction were electrically characterized as a function of temperature and external electric fields. The fully reduced monolayers exhibited conductivities ranging between 0.05 and 2 S/cm and field effect mobilities of 2-200 cm2/Vs at room temperature. Temperature-dependent electrical measurements and Raman spectroscopic investigations suggest that charge transport occurs via variable range hopping between intact graphene islands with sizes on the order of several nanometers. Furthermore, the comparative study of multilayered sheets revealed that the conductivity of the undermost layer is reduced by a factor of more than 2 as a consequence of the interaction with the Si/SiO2 substrate.
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            An electrically and mechanically self-healing composite with pressure- and flexion-sensitive properties for electronic skin applications.

            Pressure sensitivity and mechanical self-healing are two vital functions of the human skin. A flexible and electrically conducting material that can sense mechanical forces and yet be able to self-heal repeatably can be of use in emerging fields such as soft robotics and biomimetic prostheses, but combining all these properties together remains a challenging task. Here, we describe a composite material composed of a supramolecular organic polymer with embedded nickel nanostructured microparticles, which shows mechanical and electrical self-healing properties at ambient conditions. We also show that our material is pressure- and flexion-sensitive, and therefore suitable for electronic skin applications. The electrical conductivity can be tuned by varying the amount of nickel particles and can reach values as high as 40 S cm(-1). On rupture, the initial conductivity is repeatably restored with ∼90% efficiency after 15 s healing time, and the mechanical properties are completely restored after ∼10 min. The composite resistance varies inversely with applied flexion and tactile forces. These results demonstrate that natural skin's repeatable self-healing capability can be mimicked in conductive and piezoresistive materials, thus potentially expanding the scope of applications of current electronic skin systems.
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              Lab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring.

              Skin is the largest organ of the human body, and it offers a diagnostic interface rich with vital biological signals from the inner organs, blood vessels, muscles, and dermis/epidermis. Soft, flexible, and stretchable electronic devices provide a novel platform to interface with soft tissues for robotic feedback and control, regenerative medicine, and continuous health monitoring. Here, we introduce the term "lab-on-skin" to describe a set of electronic devices that have physical properties, such as thickness, thermal mass, elastic modulus, and water-vapor permeability, which resemble those of the skin. These devices can conformally laminate on the epidermis to mitigate motion artifacts and mismatches in mechanical properties created by conventional, rigid electronics while simultaneously providing accurate, non-invasive, long-term, and continuous health monitoring. Recent progress in the design and fabrication of soft sensors with more advanced capabilities and enhanced reliability suggest an impending translation of these devices from the research lab to clinical environments. Regarding these advances, the first part of this manuscript reviews materials, design strategies, and powering systems used in soft electronics. Next, the paper provides an overview of applications of these devices in cardiology, dermatology, electrophysiology, and sweat diagnostics, with an emphasis on how these systems may replace conventional clinical tools. The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and opportunities for future research directions in wearable health monitoring.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advanced Functional Materials
                Adv. Funct. Mater.
                Wiley
                1616-301X
                1616-3028
                March 03 2019
                April 2019
                February 25 2019
                April 2019
                : 29
                : 16
                : 1808695
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro MechanicsTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
                [2 ]School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201800 P. R. China
                Article
                10.1002/adfm.201808695
                176090de-e1c3-43b3-9465-8619e3333b2c
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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