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      Orthomorphic surgery for correction of mandibular dysmorphology post tmj ankylosis. A report of 4 cases and review of literature Translated title: Cirugía ortomórfica para la corrección de la dismorfología mandibular posterior a la anquilosis de la atm. Un informe de 4 casos y revisión de la literatura

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Mandibular dysmorphology is predominantly a result of uncoordinated growth deficiency or surfeit. Unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis during the active growth phase, if left unoperated, brings about changes in the size and shape of the mandible and the surrounding structures. The use of orthognathic surgery in correcting the facial deformities arising from discrepancies in spatial relationships although well accepted is unable to correct anomalies arising from an altered morphology. The surgical correction using orthomorphic principles restore the morphology without changing the occlusal status, thus proving to be an invaluable addition to a maxillofacial surgeon's repertoire. Four patients previously operated on for unilateral temporomandibular ankylosis having mandibular asymmetry were managed by orthomorphic correction. The etiological factor in all the recruited patients was trauma to the temporomandibular joint during childhood. The patients were evaluated for neurosensory changes, assessment of mouth opening before and after surgery, postoperative assessment of mandibular symmetry, and postoperative complications on 3rd day, 3 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. Good to moderate asymmetry correction was seen in all the cases. Mental nerve paraesthesia was noted in one patient. No postoperative complications were noted. The described technique can be used as a complement to conventional orthognathic surgery or as a reliable single-stage treatment alternative for complex dysmorphic entities.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN La dismorfología mandibular es predominantemente el resultado de una deficiencia o exceso de crecimiento no coordinado. La anquilosis unilateral de la articulación temporomandibular durante la fase de crecimiento activo, si no se opera, produce cambios en el tamaño y la forma de la mandíbula y las estructuras circundantes. El uso de la cirugía ortognática para corregir las deformidades faciales que surgen de las discrepancias en las relaciones espaciales, aunque bien aceptado, no puede corregir las anomalías que surgen de una morfología alterada. La corrección quirúrgica utilizando principios ortomórficos restaura la morfología sin cambiar el estado oclusal, lo que demuestra ser una adición invaluable al repertorio de un cirujano maxilofacial. Cuatro pacientes previamente operados por anquilosis unilateral de la articulación temporomandibular que presentaban asimetría mandibular fueron tratados mediante corrección ortomórfica. El factor etiológico en todos los pacientes reclutados fue un traumatismo en la articulación temporomandibular durante la infancia. Los pacientes fueron evaluados para cambios neurosensoriales, evaluación de la apertura bucal antes y después de la cirugía, evaluación postoperatoria de la simetría mandibular y complicaciones postoperatorias al 3.er día, 3 semanas y 3 meses después de la cirugía. Se observó una buena a moderada corrección de la asimetría en todos los casos. Se observó parestesia del nervio mentoniano en un paciente. No se observaron complicaciones postoperatorias. La técnica descrita se puede utilizar como complemento de la cirugía ortognática convencional o como una alternativa de tratamiento de una sola etapa confiable para entidades dismórficas complejas.

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          Clinical feasibility of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) in the treatment of complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities.

          The purpose of this study was to establish clinical feasibility of our 3-dimensional computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) for complex craniomaxillofacial surgery. Five consecutive patients with complex craniomaxillofacial deformities, including hemifacial microsomia, defects after tumor ablation, and deformity after TMJ reconstruction, were used. The patients' surgical interventions were planned by using the authors' CASS planning method. Computed tomography (CT) was initially obtained. The first step of the planning process was to create a composite skull model, which reproduces both the bony structures and the dentition with a high degree of accuracy. The second step was to quantify the deformity. The third step was to simulate the entire surgery in the computer. The maxillary osteotomy was usually completed first, followed by mandibular and chin surgeries. The shape and size of the bone graft, if needed, was also simulated. If the simulated outcomes were not satisfactory, the surgical plan could be modified and simulation could be started over. The final step was to create surgical splints. Using the authors' computer-aided designing/manufacturing techniques, the surgical splints and templates were designed in the computer and fabricated by a stereolithographic apparatus. To minimize the potential risks to the patients, the surgeries were also planned following the current planning methods, and acrylic surgical splints were created as a backup plan. All 5 patients were successfully planned using our CASS planning method. The computer-generated surgical splints were successfully used on all patients at the time of the surgery. The backup acrylic surgical splints and plans were never used. Six-week postoperative CT scans showed the surgical plans were precisely reproduced in the operating room and the deformities were corrected as planned. The results of this study have shown the clinical feasibility of our CASS planning method. Using our CASS method, we were able to treat patients with significant asymmetries in a single operation that in the past was usually completed in 2 stages. We were also able to simulate different surgical procedures to create the appropriate plan. The computerized surgical plan was then transferred to the patient in the operating room using computer-generated surgical splints.
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            The use of patient specific polyetheretherketone implants for reconstruction of maxillofacial deformities

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              Complications of genioplasty done alone or in combination with sagittal split-ramus osteotomy.

              Thirty-one patients who had genioplasty done alone or in combination with bilateral sagittal split-ramus osteotomy of the mandible (BSSRO) were examined within 12 to 68 months after surgery. Neurosensory tests revealed that 10% of the mental nerves in patients who had had isolated genioplasties showed altered sensation of the lower lip, compared to 28.5% of the nerves in patients who had genioplasties and bilateral sagittal split-ramus osteotomies. However, when questioned, 71% of the patients in the latter group indicated awareness of abnormal feeling in the lower lip. Fourteen teeth in isolated genioplasty cases gave an abnormal response to electric pulp testing. The incision lines healed satisfactorily in most patients. Of the intraosseous wires used for fixation, 5.38% were removed 3 to 10 months after surgery. A notch at the osteotomy site on the lower border of the mandible was noted radiographically in 72.5% of the sites. Chin ptosis was noted in one patient. The cosmetic results satisfied 93.6% of the patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                maxi
                Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial
                Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y de Cabeza y Cuello (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-0558
                2173-9161
                March 2023
                : 45
                : 1
                : 31-36
                Affiliations
                [1] Mysuru orgnameJSS Dental College & Hospital orgdiv1Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery India
                Article
                S1130-05582023000100005 S1130-0558(23)04500100005
                10.20986/recom.2023.1433/2023
                17665f11-220d-4c8c-8030-a2278468beee

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 April 2023
                : 28 February 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Case Reports

                informe de caso,cirugía ortomórfica,anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular,dismorfología,Asimetría mandibular,case report,orthomorphic surgery,temporomandibular joint ankylosis,dysmorphology,Mandibular asymmetry

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