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      Four new species of the genus Cratospila Foerster (Hymenopter, Braconidae, Alysiinae) from South Korea

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          Abstract

          The species of the genus Cratospila Foerster, 1863 ( Braconidae , Alysiinae ) from South Korea are revised, and the genus is recorded for the first time from South Korea. All four species are new to science, and Cratospila albifera sp. nov., C. ejuncida sp. nov., C. luteocephala sp. nov., and C. syntoma sp. nov. are described and illustrated herein. In addition, COI has been sequenced of three species. A key to the Korean species is provided.

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          MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets.

          We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, Mega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in Mega The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit Mega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line Mega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            Illustrated key to the subfamilies of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea).

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              Revision of the Australian Alysiini (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

              The Australian species of Alysiini are revised. Fourteen genera are treated, with eight of these recorded from Australia for the first time. Two of the genera, one from eastern Australia and one from New Guinea, are described as new. Two new subgenera are described, Idiasta Foerster (Apiasta, subgen. nov.) and Leptolarthra Fischer (Cratocarpa, subgen. nov.). Forty-nine species are described, 43 of them new: one in Aphaereta Foerster; eight in Aspilota Foerster; six in Cratospila Foerster; 13 in Dinotrema Foerster; one in Heleomyzophaga, gen. nov.; one in Heratemis Walker; one in Hovhoa, gen. nov.; four in Idiasta; three in Leptolarthra; three in Orthostigma Ratzeburg; one in Phaenocarpa Foerster; and one in Tanycarpa Foerster. Keys are presented to all genera of Alysiinae known from Australia as well as the Australian species of Asobara, Aspilota, Cratospila, Dinotrema and Orthostigma. Additionally, the world genera are reviewed and their relationships discussed to provide a context for an assessment of the Australian fauna. The status of 80 available genus-group names is discussed. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Neorthostigma Belokobylskij and Patriaspilota Fischer are treated as subgenera of Orthostigma; Acrobela Foerster as a synonym of Tanycarpa; Idiolexis Foerster as a synonym of Phaenocarpa; Eudinostigma Tobias as a synonym of Dinotrema; and Leptotrema van Achterberg as a subgenus of Dinotrema. The following new combinations are in addition to those associated with the above nomenclatural changes: Aspilota magnareata (Fischer); Dinotrema hardyi (Fischer); Dinotrema parvimaxillatum (Fischer); Dinotrema rotatum (Fischer); Dinotrema schoenmanni (Fischer); Leptolarthra cubiceps (Bischoff); and Orthostigma orthostigmoides (Fischer). Host records are included for two of the newly described species. Heleomyzophaga collessi, gen. nov. et sp. nov. was reared from a heleomyzid fly and Dinotrema monstrosum, sp. nov. was reared from a platypezid fly. A third species, Idiasta minor, sp. nov., was collected from pitfall traps baited with carrion.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Validation
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                2
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2021
                08 March 2021
                : 1022
                : 51-64
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Animal Systematics Lab., Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, South Korea Kunsan National University Gunsan South Korea
                [2 ] State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture / Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Hyojoong Kim ( hkim@ 123456kunsan.ac.kr )

                Academic editor: J. Fernandez-Triana

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-4114
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-2991
                Article
                62562
                10.3897/zookeys.1022.62562
                7960692
                17666ba5-c2a1-43c5-81ca-a7e70a7aa243
                JuHyeong Sohn, Cornelis van Achterberg, Yun Jong Han, Hyojoong Kim

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 30 December 2020
                : 11 February 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Korea National Arboretum 501100011908 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011908
                Categories
                Research Article
                Animalia
                Braconidae
                Hymenoptera
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Taxonomy
                Asia
                South Korea

                Animal science & Zoology
                alysiini ,coi, hymenoptera ,new record,taxonomy,new species
                Animal science & Zoology
                alysiini , coi, hymenoptera , new record, taxonomy, new species

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