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      Intermetallic compounds in heterogeneous catalysis—a quickly developing field

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          Abstract

          The application of intermetallic compounds for understanding in heterogeneous catalysis developed in an excellent way during the last decade. This review provides an overview of concepts and developments revealing the potential of intermetallic compounds in fundamental as well as applied catalysis research. Intermetallic compounds may be considered as platform materials to address current and future catalytic challenges, e.g. in respect to the energy transition.

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          Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core-shell fuel cell catalysts.

          Electrocatalysis will play a key role in future energy conversion and storage technologies, such as water electrolysers, fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Molecular interactions between chemical reactants and the catalytic surface control the activity and efficiency, and hence need to be optimized; however, generalized experimental strategies to do so are scarce. Here we show how lattice strain can be used experimentally to tune the catalytic activity of dealloyed bimetallic nanoparticles for the oxygen-reduction reaction, a key barrier to the application of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. We demonstrate the core-shell structure of the catalyst and clarify the mechanistic origin of its activity. The platinum-rich shell exhibits compressive strain, which results in a shift of the electronic band structure of platinum and weakening chemisorption of oxygenated species. We combine synthesis, measurements and an understanding of strain from theory to generate a reactivity-strain relationship that provides guidelines for tuning electrocatalytic activity.
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            Semiconducting Ge clathrates: Promising candidates for thermoelectric applications

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              The origin of the anomalous superconducting properties of MgB(2).

              Magnesium diboride differs from ordinary metallic superconductors in several important ways, including the failure of conventional models to predict accurately its unusually high transition temperature, the effects of isotope substitution on the critical transition temperature, and its anomalous specific heat. A detailed examination of the energy associated with the formation of charge-carrying pairs, referred to as the 'superconducting energy gap', should clarify why MgB(2) is different. Some early experimental studies have indicated that MgB(2) has multiple gaps, but past theoretical studies have not explained from first principles the origin of these gaps and their effects. Here we report an ab initio calculation of the superconducting gaps in MgB(2) and their effects on measurable quantities. An important feature is that the electronic states dominated by orbitals in the boron plane couple strongly to specific phonon modes, making pair formation favourable. This explains the high transition temperature, the anomalous structure in the specific heat, and the existence of multiple gaps in this material. Our analysis suggests comparable or higher transition temperatures may result in layered materials based on B, C and N with partially filled planar orbitals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Technol Adv Mater
                Sci Technol Adv Mater
                TSTA
                Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
                Taylor & Francis
                1468-6996
                1878-5514
                June 2014
                11 June 2014
                : 15
                : 3
                : 034803
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
                [2 ]Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
                Author notes
                Article
                TSTA11661169
                10.1088/1468-6996/15/3/034803
                5090519
                27877674
                17781b9f-f1a8-4889-a879-a4ac76127dab
                © 2014 National Institute for Materials Science

                Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

                History
                : 15 April 2014
                : 05 May 2014
                : 11 June 2014
                Categories
                Focus on Complex Metallic Phases

                intermetallic compound,complex metallic alloy,heterogeneous catalysis,methanol steam reforming,acetylene semi-hydrogenation,selective hydrogenation

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