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      Family functioning and environmental resources offered by families of children with mental disorders Translated title: Funcionamiento familiar y recursos ambientales ofrecidos a los niños con trastornos mentales por sus familias

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction The presence of mental disorders in a family may cause various losses in its functioning and characteristics. Objective To determine which environmental resources are offered to children with mental disorders by their families and how they correlated with the family functioning. Method The study included a total of 33 persons responsible for children with mental disorders. The subjects responded to two questionnaires to characterize family functioning (FACES IV) and the availability of resources in the family environment (RAF). Data were analyzed in a descriptively and the Spearman correlation test was used to identify associations between variables. Results Most of the children were male and attended school, and the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Most families were considered to have good family functioning (87.9%), with only 12.1% being considered dysfunctional. Regarding environmental resources, the highest mean values were assigned to the presence of toys (6.9 ± 2.0) and to family gatherings for routine activities (6.6 ± 2.3). Family cohesion, flexibility, communication, and satisfaction (functional) were positively correlated with the offer of activities and resources and negatively correlated with unbalanced (dysfunctional) subscales. Discussion and conclusion Children’s mental disorders do not appear to affect family dynamics in a significant manner. However, family functioning interferes with the types of activities and resources it offers to the child and that may have an impact on his/her development.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción La presencia de un trastorno mental en una familia puede causar varias pérdidas en su funcionamiento y sus características. Objetivo Determinar qué recursos ambientales reciben de sus familias los niños con trastornos mentales y cómo se correlacionan con el funcionamiento familiar. Método El estudio contó con la participación de un total de 33 personas responsables de niños con trastornos mentales. Los sujetos respondieron a dos cuestionarios para caracterizar el funcionamiento familiar (FACES IV) y la disponibilidad de recursos en el entorno familiar (RAF). Los datos se analizaron de manera descriptiva y la prueba de correlación de Spearman se utilizó para identificar asociaciones entre variables. Resultados La mayoría de los niños eran del sexo masculino y asistían a la escuela, y los diagnósticos psiquiátricos más frecuentes fueron el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y el trastorno del espectro autista. Se consideró que la mayoría de las familias tenían un buen funcionamiento familiar (87.9%), y sólo el 12.1% se consideró disfuncional. Con respecto a los recursos ambientales, los valores medios más altos se asignaron a la presencia de juguetes (6.9 ± 2.0) y a las reuniones familiares para actividades de rutina (6.6 ± 2.3). La cohesión familiar, la flexibilidad, la comunicación y la satisfacción (funcional) se correlacionaron positivamente con la oferta de actividades y recursos y se correlacionaron negativamente con subescalas desequilibradas (disfuncionales). Discusión y conclusión Los trastornos mentales de los niños no parecen afectar la dinámica familiar de manera significativa. Sin embargo, el funcionamiento familiar interfiere con los tipos de actividades y recursos que ofrece al niño o niña, lo que puede tener un impacto en su desarrollo.

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          Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents.

          The literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta-analysis to calculate a worldwide-pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates.
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            Risk factors for childhood mental health symptoms: national longitudinal study of Australian children.

            To determine predictors of child externalizing (behavioral) and internalizing (emotional) symptoms in a national population sample. Data were collected in 3 biennial waves (2004, 2006, and 2008) from 2 cohorts in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, initially including 5107 children 0 to 1 year of age and 4983 children 4 to 5 years of age. The primary outcomes were child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Relationships between potential risk factors and child mental health outcomes were described by using linear regression. In unadjusted analyses, children's mental health symptoms were predicted by a large number of risk factors. In multivariate models, early childhood factors (birth through 5 years) explained 30% and 18% of variations in externalizing and internalizing symptoms, respectively, at 4 to 5 years of age. Middle childhood (5-9 years of age) factors explained 20% and 23% of variations in externalizing and internalizing symptoms, respectively, at 8 to 9 years of age. Harsh discipline was a strong consistent predictor of externalizing symptoms in both age groups, whereas poorer child physical health, maternal emotional distress, harsh discipline, and overinvolved/protective parenting (younger cohort only) predicted internalizing symptoms consistently. National data on predictors of child mental health symptoms highlighted a small number of significant risk factors, situated in the family context and present from a very young age. This knowledge is informing population-level, randomized, prevention trials of family support programs.
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              The relationship between family functioning and behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorders

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Salud mental
                Salud Ment
                Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (México, DF, Mexico )
                0185-3325
                October 2019
                : 42
                : 5
                : 235-242
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto Brazil
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento Brazil
                Article
                S0185-33252019000500235 S0185-3325(19)04200500235
                10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2019.030
                1780b3db-e19c-42af-89d0-2e94c7aadc9a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 January 2019
                : 25 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Original articles

                Family functioning,entorno familiar,protective factors,trastornos mentales,factores protectors,family environment,mental disorders,infantil,child,Funcionamiento familiar

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