6
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
2 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      A Second Ductoscopy Procedure in Patients with Recurrent and Persistent Pathological Nipple Discharge

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Most patients suffering from pathological nipple discharge (PND) undergo local surgical procedures because standard radiological imaging often fails to reveal the cause. Ductoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic technique that enables direct intraductal visualization and can avoid unnecessary diagnostic surgical procedures. Hence, patients with recurrent or persistent PND after an unsuccessful ductoscopy procedure still undergo unnecessary surgery. This study describes the experience of a second ductoscopy procedure in patients with recurrent or persistent PND without suspicious radiological findings.

          Methods

          Patients with recurrent or persistent PND who underwent two ductoscopy procedures between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The second ductoscopy was performed when the first ductoscopic attempt was unsuccessful due to technical problems. The primary outcome was the number of preventable surgical procedures.

          Results

          A total of 17 patients underwent two ductoscopy procedures. The first ductoscopy showed a polypoid lesion in 10 patients (58.8%), no abnormalities in 3 patients (17.6%), and in 4 patients (23.5%), it was not possible to visualize the ductal tree. Post-procedure, all patients suffered from PND. After two ductoscopic attempts, PND stopped in 10 patients (58.8%), and 7 patients (41.2%) still suffered from PND and were operated on. Pathology of the resection specimens showed no abnormalities in 1 patient, a papilloma in 5 patients, and ductal carcinoma in situ in 1 patient.

          Conclusion

          A second ductoscopy procedure can be considered in the diagnostic work-up of patients suffering from persistent or recurrent PND after an unsuccessful first ductoscopic attempt to avoid unnecessary surgery in about 59% of the cases.

          Related collections

          Most cited references30

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Benign breast disorders.

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Surgical decision making and factors determining a diagnosis of breast carcinoma in women presenting with nipple discharge.

            There is no consensus about the use of the various diagnostic tests and surgical procedures available to confirm or rule out breast cancer in patients presenting with nipple discharge. This study was designed to identify patient and nipple-discharge characteristics associated with the diagnosis of breast cancer and to determine the utility of mammography, sonography, ductography, and cytology in surgical decision making in patients presenting with pathologic nipple discharge. We reviewed the medical records of all patients who presented with nipple discharge at our institution between August 1993 and September 2000. Patient and nipple-discharge characteristics and findings on imaging studies and cytologic examination were analyzed. A total of 146 patients presented at our institution with nipple discharge during the study period. Of these, 52 had clinically benign discharge and were managed without surgical intervention; 94 patients had pathologic discharge and underwent a biopsy procedure for histologic diagnosis, treatment, or both. Logistic regression analysis identified mammographic (relative risk [RR] = 10.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36 to 46.39, p = 0.0002) and sonographic (RR = 5.54, 95% CI 1.27 to 25.40, p = 0.028) abnormalities as independent factors associated with a malignant diagnosis. Nineteen cancers, 62 papillomas, and 13 other benign lesions were identified among the patients with pathologic discharge. In 3 patients with cancer (15.8%) and 30 patients with a papilloma (48.4%), ductography was the only means of identifying lesions to be resected. Patients who underwent ductography-guided operation (n = 42, 50%) or any surgical procedure including a localization study (n = 66, 78.6%) were significantly more likely than patients who underwent central duct excision alone to have a specific underlying lesion identified (p = 0.045 and p = 0.033, respectively). Abnormalities on mammography and sonography in patients with nipple discharge should alert physicians to the possibility of a breast cancer diagnosis. In patients with pathologic discharge with normal findings on physical examination and other imaging studies, ductography might be the only means of localizing and resecting breast lesions associated with nipple discharge. Copyright 2003 by the American College of Surgeons
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Nipple discharge: is its significance as a risk factor for breast cancer fully understood? Observational study including 915 consecutive patients who underwent selective duct excision.

              Nipple discharge (ND) is a common symptom seen in breast cancer clinics. The primary aim of this study was to identify preoperative risk factors for breast cancer in patients with pathologic ND. The secondary aim was to assess the clinical and pathological effectiveness of physical examination, galactography, cytological examination of the discharge, selective duct excision and ductoscopy. All patients operated on between 1975 and 2008 who presented with ND as their only symptom was analyzed. Discharge's characteristics, cytological data and galactography reports were recorded. The relationship between each individual finding and the risk of breast cancer was calculated. For each diagnostic tool, the sensitivity, specificity and complication rates were calculated and compared. Nine-hundred-fifteen patients underwent selective duct excision. Two-hundred-nineteen patients (23.9%) were found to be affected by carcinoma. In 100/330 (30.3%) patients with bloody discharge and in 42/239 (17.6%) patients with serous secretion cancer was detected (P = 0.004, P = 0.013, respectively). Patients with sero-sanguinous or coloured discharge had the same risk of cancer as the population analyzed (23.9%, P = NS). Galactographic finding of irregular stenosis seemed to be associated with a higher risk of cancer (P = 0.0001). Cytological findings C5 and C4 were associated with cancer (P = 0.001). Selective duct excision showed highest sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, the well established role of bloody secretion is confirmed. The supposed benign aetiology of serous, coloured or sero-sanguinous discharge is questionable. The high specificity of the cytological exam justifies routine examination of the ND. Selective duct excision can be considered as the diagnostic gold-standard.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Breast Care (Basel)
                Breast Care (Basel)
                BRC
                BRC
                Breast Care
                S. Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland )
                1661-3791
                1661-3805
                25 April 2023
                August 2023
                : 18
                : 4
                : 256-261
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [b ]Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Seher Makineli, s.makineli@ 123456umcutrecht.nl
                Article
                530817
                10.1159/000530817
                10601673
                37900554
                17a09087-3b42-4e75-af43-81e36fae4014
                © 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY) ( http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage, derivative works and distribution are permitted provided that proper credit is given to the author and the original publisher.

                History
                : 12 October 2022
                : 18 April 2023
                : 2023
                Page count
                Tables: 3, References: 30, Pages: 6
                Funding
                The authors have no funding sources to declare.
                Categories
                Research Article

                breast disease,ductoscopy,minimally invasive surgery,nipple discharge

                Comments

                Comment on this article