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      Aversión a los alimentos en la infancia: ¿fobia, obsesión o trastornos del comportamiento alimentario no especificado? Translated title: Food Aversion during Childhood: Phobia, Obsessive or Non-Specified Eating Disorder?

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          Abstract

          Introducción: La aversión a los alimentos puede ser una manifestación del proceso normal de desarrollo o una expresión sintomática de varias entidades clínicas que generalmente aparecen durante la infancia. Su relación con la aparición temprana de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria no ha sido suficientemente estudiada. Métodos: Se describen 15 casos de pacientes (8 varones y 7 mujeres) entre 7 y 21 años, quienes consultaron al programa Equilibrio, de Bogotá, entre septiembre de 2003 y febrero de 2007, por aversión a ciertos alimentos y alta selectividad. Resultados: Todos presentaron aversión de tipo fóbico a ciertos alimentos, texturas, sabores o colores. Entre las motivaciones hubo quejas somáticas intestinales, temor a subir de peso y distorsión de la imagen corporal. La mayoría presentaba obsesiones o comportamientos ritualizados relacionados o no con la comida. Se identificaron 6 casos de anorexia nerviosa (AN) prepuberal y 4 con AN de aparición posterior a la menarquia. Un paciente tenía una disarmonía del desarrollo (síndrome de Asperger) y otro presentaba una psicosis infantil. Conclusiones: La aversión fóbica a los alimentos durante la infancia podría considerarse un síntoma temprano de AN, aunque la preocupación explícita por el peso o las alteraciones en la imagen corporal no aparezcan y predominen las quejas somáticas del funcionamiento digestivo o la fobia a la comida. El trasfondo obsesivo-compulsivo estuvo presente en la mayoría de casos de estos pacientes con trastornos alimentarios de la infancia.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Food aversion can be an expression of the normal developmental process or a symptomatic expression of several clinical entities that generally appear during childhood. Its relation with an early ED appearance has not been well studied yet. Method: 15 clinical cases of patients between 7 and 21 years of age are described. They consulted with the Equilibrio outpatient program in Bogotá, Colombia, between September 2003 and February 2007, presenting aversion towards certain food, and high selectivity since very early ages. The anxiety produced by eating and the secondary somatic manifestations were the main psy-chopathological characteristics. Results: They were 8 men and 7 women. They all presented with phobic aversion towards certain food, textures, tastes and/or colors from a very early age. In 6 of them those characteristics were associated with intestinal complaints, while in 10 of them fear of gaining weight and body image distortion were present. 13 out of the 15 patients presented with obsessions or ritualized behaviors either related with food or not. We identified 6 cases of prepuberal Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and 4 with AN that appeared after menarche. One patient had a developmental disharmony (Asperger syndrome), and another one had child psychosis. Conclusions: Food phobic aversion during childhood could be considered as an early AN symptom, even if the explicit worry over weight and body image is not present, and somatic worries about gastric functions and or food aversion dominate. The obsessive-compulsive background was present in most of these patients with childhood ED. These symptoms can be present in other developmental childhood pathologies.

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          Most cited references18

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          A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states

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            Predictors and consequences of food neophobia and pickiness in young girls.

            Vegetable intake among children is well below recommended levels. We assessed whether food neophobia and pickiness contribute to low vegetable intake in school-aged girls and if there are distinct predictors for neophobia and pickiness. Children with food neophobia are reluctant to eat new foods whereas picky children resist eating many familiar foods. Design/subjects Participants were 192 7-year-old girls and their parents, recruited for a study of girls' nutrition and development. We examined relationships between food neophobia and pickiness and assessed whether these variables predicted girls' vegetable consumption and predictors of food neophobia and pickiness. The data were analyzed using a two-step process. First, we used a two-way analysis of variance to assess whether girls who scored high or low on food neophobia and pickiness measures had different levels of vegetable consumption. We used multiple regression analysis to determine predictors of food neophobia and pickiness in the girls. Girls with both food neophobia and pickiness consumed fewer vegetables (1.1+/-0.1) than girls with neither neophobia nor pickiness (1.6+/-0.1). Neophobia and pickiness were modestly related in this sample, but had different predictors. Girls with food neophobia were more anxious and had mothers with food neophobia. Picky girls had mothers with less variety in their vegetable intake (r=-0.22) and mothers who perceived their family to have little time to eat healthful foods (r=0.36). In addition, picky eaters were breastfed for fewer than 6 months (r=-0.25). Pickiness was predicted primarily by environmental or experiential factors subject to changes; neophobia was predicted by more enduring and dispositional factors. Because food neophobia and pickiness negatively influence vegetable intake, intervention strategies to increase vegetable intake should focus on predictors of neophobia and pickiness, especially those subject to change.
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              Offspring of women with eating disorders.

              We evaluated health and development, temperament, body satisfaction, nutritional status, and mealtime interaction patterns in offspring (ages 1-4) of women with current or past anorexia and/or bulimia nervosa in comparison to control children. Information was gathered via maternal report and interview, health and development records, a 3 day food diary, and a videotaped lunchtime interaction. Children of women with eating disorders had significantly lower birth weights and lengths than control children. There were no differences observed in childhood temperament or mothers' satisfaction with children's appearance. Mothers with eating disorders had more difficulty maintaining breastfeeding and they made significantly fewer positive comments about food and eating than control mothers during the mealtime observation. Feeding behavior in women with eating disorders appears to be problematic from pregnancy through the toddler years and has various manifestations from low birth weight, to difficulties with breast feeding, to detached and noninteractive mealtimes. Although these factors are unlikely to cause eating disorders, they may contribute to a permissive environment in which a genetic predisposition is more likely to be expressed.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría
                rev.colomb.psiquiatr.
                Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria. (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0034-7450
                September 2008
                : 37
                : 3
                : 355-364
                Affiliations
                [03] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [02] Bogota orgnameClínica del Programa Trastornos de la Alimentación y Desórdenes Relacionados-Equilibrio Colombia
                [01] Bogotá orgnameClínica del Programa Trastornos de la Alimentación y Desórdenes Relacionados-Equilibrio Colombia
                [04] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                Article
                S0034-74502008000300006 S0034-7450(08)03700306
                17c1bc7b-e0db-48ad-8abf-7eb34859f978

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 July 2008
                : 20 March 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 10
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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Articulo Original

                trastornos de la conducta alimentaria,trastornos de alimentación e ingestión en la infancia,trastornos fóbicos,trastorno obsesivo compulsivo,desarrollo infantil,Eating disorders,feeding and eating disorders of childhood,phobic disorders,obsessive-compulsive disorder,child development

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