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      Varying roles of ENSO and SAM on the Antarctic Peninsula climate in austral spring : ENSO, SAM, AND ANTARCTIC PENINSULA

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      Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year.

          Assessments of Antarctic temperature change have emphasized the contrast between strong warming of the Antarctic Peninsula and slight cooling of the Antarctic continental interior in recent decades. This pattern of temperature change has been attributed to the increased strength of the circumpolar westerlies, largely in response to changes in stratospheric ozone. This picture, however, is substantially incomplete owing to the sparseness and short duration of the observations. Here we show that significant warming extends well beyond the Antarctic Peninsula to cover most of West Antarctica, an area of warming much larger than previously reported. West Antarctic warming exceeds 0.1 degrees C per decade over the past 50 years, and is strongest in winter and spring. Although this is partly offset by autumn cooling in East Antarctica, the continent-wide average near-surface temperature trend is positive. Simulations using a general circulation model reproduce the essential features of the spatial pattern and the long-term trend, and we suggest that neither can be attributed directly to increases in the strength of the westerlies. Instead, regional changes in atmospheric circulation and associated changes in sea surface temperature and sea ice are required to explain the enhanced warming in West Antarctica.
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            Southern Hemisphere Circulation Features Associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation Events

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              Observed Relationships between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Extratropical Zonal-Mean Circulation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
                J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
                Wiley-Blackwell
                2169897X
                October 27 2013
                October 27 2013
                : 118
                : 20
                : 11,481-11,492
                Article
                10.1002/jgrd.50860
                17c28eec-7c5e-4a7b-adbc-2322ac3ef69b
                © 2013

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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