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      Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS.

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          Abstract

          As the first discovered gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) affects a number of cellular processes, including those involving vascular cells. This brief review summarizes the contribution of NO to the regulation of vascular tone and its sources in the blood vessel wall. NO regulates the degree of contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells mainly by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), although cGMP-independent signaling [S-nitrosylation of target proteins, activation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) or production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP)] also can be involved. In the blood vessel wall, NO is produced mainly from l-arginine by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but it can also be released non-enzymatically from S-nitrosothiols or from nitrate/nitrite. Dysfunction in the production and/or the bioavailability of NO characterizes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Pharmacol. Sci.
          Journal of pharmacological sciences
          1347-8648
          1347-8613
          Oct 2015
          : 129
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
          [2 ] State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: swsleung@hku.hk.
          Article
          S1347-8613(15)00195-4
          10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002
          26499181
          17cdfb0e-0ce3-4df0-b336-95f9e31aea98
          Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          History

          Endothelial cells,L-arginine,Nitrate/nitrite,Nitric oxide,Nitric oxide synthase,S-nitrosothiols,Vascular smooth muscle

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