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      Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks and Covalent–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis: Distinct Merits by the Reduced Dimension

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          The chemistry and applications of metal-organic frameworks.

          Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.
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            2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage

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              Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction: recent development and future perspectives

              We review the fundamental aspects of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides and metal pnictides as effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. There is still an ongoing effort to search for sustainable, clean and highly efficient energy generation to satisfy the energy needs of modern society. Among various advanced technologies, electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role and numerous new electrocatalysts have been developed to improve the efficiency of gas evolution. Along the way, enormous effort has been devoted to finding high-performance electrocatalysts, which has also stimulated the invention of new techniques to investigate the properties of materials or the fundamental mechanism of the OER. This accumulated knowledge not only establishes the foundation of the mechanism of the OER, but also points out the important criteria for a good electrocatalyst based on a variety of studies. Even though it may be difficult to include all cases, the aim of this review is to inspect the current progress and offer a comprehensive insight toward the OER. This review begins with examining the theoretical principles of electrode kinetics and some measurement criteria for achieving a fair evaluation among the catalysts. The second part of this review acquaints some materials for performing OER activity, in which the metal oxide materials build the basis of OER mechanism while non-oxide materials exhibit greatly promising performance toward overall water-splitting. Attention of this review is also paid to in situ approaches to electrocatalytic behavior during OER, and this information is crucial and can provide efficient strategies to design perfect electrocatalysts for OER. Finally, the OER mechanism from the perspective of both recent experimental and theoretical investigations is discussed, as well as probable strategies for improving OER performance with regards to future developments.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Advanced Energy Materials
                Adv. Energy Mater.
                Wiley
                1614-6832
                1614-6840
                April 15 2021
                : 2003990
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
                [2 ]Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
                [3 ]Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology Seoul National University Suwon 16229 Republic of Korea
                Article
                10.1002/aenm.202003990
                17d7539c-3156-43ea-80b5-2b1b0a41f955
                © 2021

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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