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      Uso del levosimendan previo a la cirugía cardíaca, en pacientes con mala función ventricular Translated title: Usefulness of levosimendan in patients with ventricular dysfunction before surgery

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          Abstract

          El propósito de este trabajo fue observar los resultados hemodinámicos inmediatos (primeras 24 hs) en pacientes con mala función ventricular (< 40%), considerados de alto riesgo quirúrgico, en los cuales 24 a 48 hs antes de la cirugía recibían una infusión por 24 hs con levosimendan. Se incluyeron 4 pacientes de sexo masculino con edad promedio de 55.50 (+ 7.93 años) con una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo de 31 (+ 5.47%), 2 de ellos sometidos a cambio valvular, otro a revascularización miocárdica y el cuarto se sometió a procedimiento combinado (revascularización + cambio valvular). El comportamiento de los parámetros hemodinámicos estuvo estable, sin necesidad de altas dosis de los inotrópicos y vasopresores clásicos en el postoperatorio. Conclusión: El levosimendan podría ser un inotrópico de gran aplicación en este grupo de pacientes debido a su novedoso mecanismo de acción y a sus sostenidos efectos hemodinámicos luego de terminada su infusión.

          Translated abstract

          The purpose of this work was to observe the hemodynamic stability on the first 24 hours in 4 patients with ventricular dysfunction (Ejected Fraction < 40 %), considered of high surgical risk, in which 24 at 48 hr before the surgery received an infusion of Levosimendan for 24 hours. This 4 patients was male, with age 55.5 ± 7.9 years old, a left ventricle ejection of fraction (LVEF) of 31 ± 5.47%; Two of them was underwent to valve replacement, another one to coronary artery bypass graft and the last one patient underwent combined procedure (coronary artery bypass graft surgery and valve replacement). The behavior of the hemodynamic parameters was stable, without necessity of uses high dose of the inotropics and classic vasopresores in the postoperative. Conclusion: the Levosimendan could be an inotropic of great application in this group of patient due to its novel action mechanism and to its sustained hemodynamic effects after having finished its infusion.

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          beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure.

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            Stratification of morbidity and mortality outcome by preoperative risk factors in coronary artery bypass patients. A clinical severity score.

            To relate morbidity and mortality risk to preoperative severity of illness in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Retrospective analysis of 5051 patients using univariate and logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with perioperative morbidity and mortality. Prospective application of models to a subsequent 2-year validation cohort (n = 4069). Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery between July 1, 1986, and June 30, 1988 (reference group), and July 1, 1988, and June 30, 1990 (validation group). Mortality and morbidity (myocardial infarction and use of intra-aortic balloon pump, mechanical ventilation for 3 or more days, neurological deficit, oliguric or anuric renal failure, or serious infection). Emergency procedure, preoperative serum creatinine levels of greater than 168 mumol/L, severe left ventricular dysfunction, preoperative hematocrit of 0.34, increasing age, chronic pulmonary disease, prior vascular surgery, reoperation, and mitral valve insufficiency were found to be predictive of mortality. In addition to these factors, diabetes mellitus, body weight of 65 kg or less [corrected], aortic stenosis, and cerebrovascular disease were predictive of morbidity. Logistic regression equations were developed, and a simple additive score for clinical use was designed by allocating each of these risk-factor values of 1 to 6 points. Both methods predict mortality. Increased morbidity was demonstrated with increases in score. The logistic or clinical models developed are superior to the currently available methods for comparing mortality outcome and provide previously unavailable information on morbidity based on preoperative status. The clinical scoring system is useful for preoperative estimates of morbidity and mortality risks.
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              Sustained hemodynamic effects of intravenous levosimendan.

              The short-term infusion of levosimendan (Levo) improves hemodynamic function in patients with decompensated heart failure. The metabolites of Levo have a prolonged half-life, and one is hemodynamically active. The goal of this study was to determine whether the hemodynamic effects of Levo are sustained during a long-term infusion and beyond the discontinuation of drug infusion. Patients with decompensated heart failure received escalating infusion rates of intravenous Levo (n=98) or placebo (n=48) for 6 hours. At the end of 6 hours, 85 of the Levo-treated patients were continued on open-label drug for a total of 24 hours, at which time they were randomized 1:1 to an additional 24 hours of Levo (n=43) or placebo (n=42). The hemodynamic effects observed at 24 hours were maintained at 48 hours in both the continuation and withdrawal groups and did not differ between groups. Although the plasma concentration of Levo decreased rapidly in the withdrawal group, concentrations of the active metabolite OR-1896 were similar in the continuation and withdrawal groups at 24 hours and increased further (3.5-fold to 4-fold) and to a similar extent in both groups at 48 hours. The hemodynamic effects of Levo were maintained during a 48-hour continuous infusion and for at least 24 hours after discontinuation of a 24-hour infusion. The active metabolite OR-1896 increased for at least 24 hours after cessation of drug infusion and may account for the prolonged hemodynamic effects of Levo.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                acm
                Archivos de cardiología de México
                Arch. Cardiol. Méx.
                Elsevier (México )
                1405-9940
                December 2004
                : 74
                : 4
                : 295-300
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional De Cardiología Ignacio Chávez
                Article
                S1405-99402004000400007
                17ded2ba-1298-4af7-a538-2733de3ae508

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Ventricular dysfunction,Levosimendan,Cardiac surgery,Disfunción ventricular,Cirugía cardíaca

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