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      Diagnóstico de endoftalmitis por método microbiológico convencional y molecular en pacientes de centros oftalmológicos de Paraguay Translated title: Diagnosis of endophthalmitis by molecular and conventional microbiological methods in patients from ophthalmologic centers of Paraguay

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La endoftalmitis infecciosa es una condición intraocular grave, aunque poco frecuente, que puede llevar a la pérdida de la visión. El diagnóstico etiológico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado llevan a una mejor evolución. Las técnicas microbiológicas convencionales tienen baja sensibilidad en el diagnóstico de la endoftalmitis infecciosa, en cambio la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) es un método de mayor sensibilidad que está siendo utilizado ampliamente. El objetivo fue determinar por cultivo y PCR la etiología de la endoftalmitis infecciosa en pacientes que consultaron en centros oftalmológicos de Paraguay. Se estudiaron muestras de humor vítreo obtenidas por punción de 51 pacientes con endoftalmitis. La muestra se dividió en dos alícuotas; una para el estudio microbiológico convencional y la otra para la PCR anidada. Esta última utiliza un par de cebadores basado en secuencias conservadas del gen 16S ribosomal y cebadores específicos para bacterias gram positivas. Se estandarizó la PCR logrando una sensibilidad de detección de 3.10-5 ng/µl para S. aureus, 2,5.10-3 ng/µl para S. pneumoniae y 6.10-7 ng/µl para E. coli. De las 51 muestras, 12 (23,5%) fueron positivas por métodos microbiológicos convencionales y 26 (51,0%) por la PCR anidada. Por cultivo se identificaron predominantemente bacterias grampositivas 8/11 (73%) y un aislado de hongo filamentoso. La PCR anidada presentó muy buena sensibilidad y de gran utilidad en la identificación del origen bacteriano de la endoftalmitis, mejorando la sensibilidad del cultivo en 27,5%. La discriminación bacteriana en grampositivos y gramnegativos por la PCR se correlacionó con el cultivo en el 100% de los casos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Infectious endophthalmitis is a serious intraocular condition, although it is rare, often results in vision loss. The early etiological diagnosis and appropriate treatment leads to a better outcome. Conventional microbiological techniques have low sensitivity in the diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis, however polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a more sensitive method which is widely used. The goal was to determine the etiology of infectious endophthalmitis by culture and PCR in patients who consulted in ophthalmologic centers in Asunción, Paraguay. Vitreous fluid samples obtained by puncture from 51 patients with endophthalmitis were studied. Samples were divided into two aliquots; one was used for the conventional microbiological study and the other for the nested PCR. The latter uses a pair of primers based on conserved sequences of the 16S gene ribosomal and specific primers for gram positive bacteria. Detection sensitivity of the nested PCR was 3.10-5 ng / μl for S. aureus, 2.5.10-3 ng / μl for S. pneumoniae and 6.10-7 ng / μl for E. coli. Out of 51 samples, 12 (23.5%) were positive for conventional microbiological methods and 26 (51.0%) by nested-PCR. Gram-positive bacteria were predominant 8/11 (73%) by culture and one filamentous fungus was isolated. The nested PCR presented very good sensitivity and very useful for the identification of the bacterial origin of endophthalmitis, improving culture sensitivity in 27.5%. Bacterial discrimination in Gram positive and Gram negative by PCR correlated 100% with the culture.

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          Spectrum and susceptibilities of microbiologic isolates in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study.

          To determine the microbiologic spectrum and antibiotic susceptibilities of infecting organisms in postoperative endophthalmitis and to evaluate the effects of operative factors on the microbiologic spectrum. Patients with bacterial endophthalmitis presenting within six weeks of cataract extraction or secondary intraocular lens implantation (IOL) were evaluated. Cultures and Gram stains were performed on intraocular specimens and susceptibility tests on the isolates. Confirmed microbiologic growth was demonstrated from intraocular specimens from 291 of 420 patients (69.3%). Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 274 patients (94.2%) with confirmed growth and gram-negative bacteria from 19 (6.5%). Two hundred twenty-six of the 323 isolates obtained (70.0%) were gram-positive, coagulase-negative micrococci, 32 (9.9%) Staphylococcus aureus, 29 (9.0%) Streptococcus species, seven (2.2%) Enterococcus species, ten (3.1%) miscellaneous gram-positive species, and 19 (5.9%) gram-negative species. All gram-positive isolates tested were susceptible to vancomycin. Seventeen gram-negative isolates (89%) were susceptible to both amikacin and ceftazidime and two (11%) were resistant to both. Anterior chamber or secondary IOL implantations were associated with higher rates of infection with gram-positives other than coagulase-negative micrococci than were posterior chamber IOL implantations (P = .022) or primary cataract extractions (P = .024). Gram-positive, coagulase-negative micrococci predominated in this series. Vancomycin was active against all gram-positive isolates tested. Amikacin and ceftazidime showed equivalent activity against gram-negative isolates. Secondary or anterior chamber lens implantations were associated with a possible spectrum shift toward gram-positive organisms other than the coagulase-negative micrococci.
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            Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: A 17-year prospective series and review of 267 reported cases

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              Bacterial Endophthalmitis: Epidemiology, Therapeutics, and Bacterium-Host Interactions

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                iics
                Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud
                Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud
                Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (Asunción, , Paraguay )
                1812-9528
                August 2019
                : 17
                : 2
                : 77-85
                Affiliations
                [1] San Lorenzo Asunción orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Asunción orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud Paraguay
                Article
                S1812-95282019000200077
                10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2019.017.02.77-085
                1829171f-559b-44ba-9ffc-fd49442cca43

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2019
                : 01 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                etiología,PCR,endoftalmitis bacteriana,molecular diagnosis,culture,sensitivity,etiology,bacterial endophthalmitis,sensibilidad diagnóstico molecular,cultivo

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