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      Corrigendum: Studying biological membranes with extended range high-speed atomic force microscopy

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          Abstract

          Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 11987; 10.1038/srep11987 published online 07 14 2015; updated: 03 10 2016 The authors neglected to cite previous studies related to the control concepts of high speed atomic force microscopy in the Introduction section of this Article. These additional references are listed below as references 1 and 2, and should appear in the text as below. “We propose a solution for a large range, high—speed system through simple modifications of a commercial system to move the sample with two different actuators in mechanical series and extending the control loop with model-based control for this scanner.” should read: “In line with the controls concepts introduced by Bozchalooi et al. 1 2, we present a solution for a large range, high–speed system through simple modifications of a commercial system to move the sample with two different actuators in mechanical series and extending the control loop with model based control for this scanner.”

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          Multi-actuation and PI control: a simple recipe for high-speed and large-range atomic force microscopy.

          High speed atomic force microscopy enables observation of dynamic nano-scale processes. However, maintaining a minimal interaction force between the sample and the probe is challenging at high speed specially when using conventional piezo-tubes. While rigid AFM scanners are operational at high speeds with the drawback of reduced tracking range, multi-actuation schemes have shown potential for high-speed and large-range imaging. Here we present a method to seamlessly incorporate additional actuators into conventional AFMs. The equivalent behavior of the resulting multi-actuated setup resembles that of a single high-speed and large-range actuator with maximally flat frequency response. To achieve this, the dynamics of the individual actuators and their couplings are treated through a simple control scheme. Upon the implementation of the proposed technique, commonly used PI controllers are able to meet the requirements of high-speed imaging. This forms an ideal platform for retroactive enhancement of existing AFMs with minimal cost and without compromise on the tracking range. A conventional AFM with tube scanner is retroactively enhanced through the proposed method and shows an order of magnitude improvement in closed loop bandwidth performance while maintaining large range. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on various types of samples imaged in contact and tapping modes, in air and in liquid.
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            Compensator design for improved counterbalancing in high speed atomic force microscopy

            High speed atomic force microscopy can provide the possibility of many new scientific observations and applications ranging from nano-manufacturing to the study of biological processes. However, the limited imaging speed has been an imperative drawback of the atomic force microscopes. One of the main reasons behind this limitation is the excitation of the AFM dynamics at high scan speeds, severely undermining the reliability of the acquired images. In this research, we propose a piezo based, feedforward controlled, counter actuation mechanism to compensate for the excited out-of-plane scanner dynamics. For this purpose, the AFM controller output is properly filtered via a linear compensator and then applied to a counter actuating piezo. An effective algorithm for estimating the compensator parameters is developed. The information required for compensator design is extracted from the cantilever deflection signal, hence eliminating the need for any additional sensors. The proposed approach is implemented and experimentally evaluated on the dynamic response of a custom made AFM. It is further assessed by comparing the imaging performance of the AFM with and without the application of the proposed technique and in comparison with the conventional counterbalancing methodology. The experimental results substantiate the effectiveness of the method in significantly improving the imaging performance of AFM at high scan speeds.
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              Sci Rep
              Sci Rep
              Scientific Reports
              Nature Publishing Group
              2045-2322
              10 March 2016
              2016
              : 6
              : 21654
              Article
              srep21654
              10.1038/srep21654
              4785555
              26961854
              184eea6b-373e-41f3-bca5-631760705e84
              Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

              This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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