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      Virus – On the Edge of Art and Science, Human Beings, and Nature

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          In this article, the author shares his eastern and western perspectives on biomedicine, science and arts as well as his personal experiences during the coronavirus epidemics in China. Virus is described symbolically as a messenger on the edge of art and science, human beings and nature leading to a discussion over the sustainable development of human beings in harmony with nature.

          Translated abstract

          本文作者分享了其在中国新冠肺炎疫情期间从生物医学，科学及艺术，东西方视角的思考和个人感受。病毒被象征性地描述为处于艺术和科学，人类和自然边缘上的信使，从而引发出关于人类与自然和谐可持续发展的讨论。

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          Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Patients Infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Review and Perspective

          Yang Yang, Md. Islam, Jin. Wang … (2020)
          Currently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly known as 2019-nCoV, the causative pathogen of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) has rapidly spread across China and around the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. No specific anti-virus drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of this sudden and lethal disease. The supportive care and non-specific treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of the patient are the only options currently. At the top of these conventional therapies, greater than 85% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in China are receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. In this article, relevant published literatures are thoroughly reviewed and current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients are analyzed. Due to the homology in epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, and the widely use of TCM in the treatment of SARS-CoV, the clinical evidence showing the beneficial effect of TCM in the treatment of patients with SARS coronaviral infections are discussed. Current experiment studies that provide an insight into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM, and those studies identified novel naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronaviral activity are also introduced.
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            Are viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question

            Petro Starokadomskyy, Eugene V. Koonin (2016)
            The question whether or not “viruses are alive” has caused considerable debate over many years. Yet, the question is effectively without substance because the answer depends entirely on the definition of life or the state of “being alive” that is bound to be arbitrary. In contrast, the status of viruses among biological entities is readily defined within the replicator paradigm. All biological replicators form a continuum along the selfishness-cooperativity axis, from the completely selfish to fully cooperative forms. Within this range, typical, lytic viruses represent the selfish extreme whereas temperate viruses and various mobile elements occupy positions closer to the middle of the range. Selfish replicators not only belong to the biological realm but are intrinsic to any evolving system of replicators. No such system can evolve without the emergence of parasites, and moreover, parasites drive the evolution of biological complexity at multiple levels. The history of life is a story of parasite-host coevolution that includes both the incessant arms race and various forms of cooperation. All organisms are communities of interacting, coevolving replicators of different classes. A complete theory of replicator coevolution remains to be developed, but it appears likely that not only the differentiation between selfish and cooperative replicators but the emergence of the entire range of replication strategies, from selfish to cooperative, is intrinsic to biological evolution.
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              History of art paintings through the lens of entropy and complexity

              Higor Y. D. Sigaki, Matjaž Perc, Haroldo V. Ribeiro (2018)
              The critical inquiry of paintings is essentially comparative. This limits the number of artworks that can be investigated by an art expert in reasonable time. The recent availability of large digitized art collections enables a shift in the scale of such analysis through the use of computational methods. Our research shows that simple physics-inspired metrics that are estimated from local spatial ordering patterns in paintings encode crucial information about the artwork. We present numerical scales that map well to canonical concepts in art history and reveal a historical and measurable evolutionary trend in visual arts. They also allow us to distinguish different artistic styles and artworks based on the degree of local order in the paintings. Art is the ultimate expression of human creativity that is deeply influenced by the philosophy and culture of the corresponding historical epoch. The quantitative analysis of art is therefore essential for better understanding human cultural evolution. Here, we present a large-scale quantitative analysis of almost 140,000 paintings, spanning nearly a millennium of art history. Based on the local spatial patterns in the images of these paintings, we estimate the permutation entropy and the statistical complexity of each painting. These measures map the degree of visual order of artworks into a scale of order–disorder and simplicity–complexity that locally reflects qualitative categories proposed by art historians. The dynamical behavior of these measures reveals a clear temporal evolution of art, marked by transitions that agree with the main historical periods of art. Our research shows that different artistic styles have a distinct average degree of entropy and complexity, thus allowing a hierarchical organization and clustering of styles according to these metrics. We have further verified that the identified groups correspond well with the textual content used to qualitatively describe the styles and the applied complexity–entropy measures can be used for an effective classification of artworks.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tony Yu Zhou:
                Bio :

                Tony Y. Zhou, PhD, is the founder and director of Inspirees Institute, China/Netherlands. He is also the founder and executive editor of CAET. He was trained as the biomedical scientist and later received training in dance/movement therapy and is the first certified Laban movement analyst in mainland China. He cofounded the International Association of Creative Arts Somatic Education in 2019. ORCID: 0000-0001-8099-6458.

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): caet
                Title: Creative Arts in Education and Therapy
                Subtitle: Eastern and Western Perspectives
                Translated title: 创造性艺术教育及治疗-东西方视角 :
                Translated Subtitle:
                Abbreviated Title: CAET
                Publisher: Inspirees Education Group (The Netherlands )
                ISSN (Print): 2451-876X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2468-2306
                Publication date (Print and electronic): August 2020
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 13-18
                Affiliations
                [1]Inspirees Institute, China
                Article
                Publisher ID:
                DOI: 10.15212/CAET/2020/6/7
                SO-VID: 185864c7-6c5c-4915-9526-91d448ca0de6
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 Inspirees International
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic License (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/

                History
                Custom metadata
                index 7
                file-pdf caet-2020-0007.pdf

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Music,Performing arts,Dance & Theater,Arts
                Keywords: 冠状病毒疫情,Coronavirus epidemic,Entropy,Art,Traditional Chinese medicine,艺术,Covid-19,熵,中医,可持续发展,Sustainable development,肺炎
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Music, Performing arts, Dance & Theater, Arts
                Keywords: 冠状病毒疫情, Coronavirus epidemic, Entropy, Art, Traditional Chinese medicine, 艺术, Covid-19, 熵, 中医, 可持续发展, Sustainable development, 肺炎

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