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      Layer-by-layer assembled graphene multilayers on multidimensional surfaces for highly durable, scalable, and wearable triboelectric nanogenerators

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Layer-by-layer multilayers are demonstrated for low-cost, durable, scalable, and wearable graphene-TENGs on flat or undulated polymer substrates and fabric textiles.

          Abstract

          Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are considered promising next-generation mechanical energy harvesters owing to their desirable attributes such as light weight, portability, eco-friendliness, and low cost. However, cost-effective, scalable, and facile manufacturing methods are still required for the commercialization of TENGs, especially for textile-type TENGs compatible with a variety of textile products. In this work, we report for the first time the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of graphene multilayers for low-cost, durable, scalable, and wearable TENGs. The LbL-based graphene multilayers are fabricated on polymer substrates with flat, undulated, and textile surfaces, where graphene multilayers play dual roles as a positive tribo-material and as an electrode. The polymer substrate here is utilized as a negative tribo-material. We identify the optimal number of layers for graphene composites and analyze this outcome using their morphological and electrical properties. Due to the hydrogen bonding-based LbL wet processes, graphene composite multilayers could be well deposited on undulated surfaces as well as on large-scale fabric textiles. These LbL-deposited graphene multilayers yield graphene based-TENGs (G-TENGs) with high durability and high performance. Finally, a graphene multilayer on a textile sample is demonstrated as a scalable and wearable textile-based G-TENG (TG-TENG) operated in a single electrode mode, thereby enabling low-cost manufacturing and high compatibility with textile products such as cloths, curtains, bags and so on. The simple, cost-effective, scalable, and versatile LbL assembly can therefore enable the fabrication of wearable energy harvesting sources for many portable personal microelectronic devices ( e.g., self-powered wireless sensors).

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          Most cited references34

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          Progress in triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology and self-powered sensors

          A review on the principles, novel applications and perspectives of triboelectric nanogenerators as power sources and as self-powered sensors.
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            Transparent triboelectric nanogenerators and self-powered pressure sensors based on micropatterned plastic films.

            Transparent, flexible and high efficient power sources are important components of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, based on the principle of the previously demonstrated triboelectric generator, we demonstrate a new high-output, flexible and transparent nanogenerator by using transparent polymer materials. We have fabricated three types of regular and uniform polymer patterned arrays (line, cube, and pyramid) to improve the efficiency of the nanogenerator. The power generation of the pyramid-featured device far surpassed that exhibited by the unstructured films and gave an output voltage of up to 18 V at a current density of ∼0.13 μA/cm(2). Furthermore, the as-prepared nanogenerator can be applied as a self-powered pressure sensor for sensing a water droplet (8 mg, ∼3.6 Pa in contact pressure) and a falling feather (20 mg, ∼0.4 Pa in contact pressure) with a low-end detection limit of ∼13 mPa.
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              Triboelectric nanogenerators as new energy technology and self-powered sensors - principles, problems and perspectives.

              Zhong Wang (2014)
              Triboelectrification is one of the most common effects in our daily life, but it is usually taken as a negative effect with very limited positive applications. Here, we invented a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on organic materials that is used to convert mechanical energy into electricity. The TENG is based on the conjunction of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, and it utilizes the most common materials available in our daily life, such as papers, fabrics, PTFE, PDMS, Al, PVC etc. In this short review, we first introduce the four most fundamental modes of TENG, based on which a range of applications have been demonstrated. The area power density reaches 1200 W m(-2), volume density reaches 490 kW m(-3), and an energy conversion efficiency of ∼50-85% has been demonstrated. The TENG can be applied to harvest all kinds of mechanical energy that is available in our daily life, such as human motion, walking, vibration, mechanical triggering, rotation energy, wind, a moving automobile, flowing water, rain drops, tide and ocean waves. Therefore, it is a new paradigm for energy harvesting. Furthermore, TENG can be a sensor that directly converts a mechanical triggering into a self-generated electric signal for detection of motion, vibration, mechanical stimuli, physical touching, and biological movement. After a summary of TENG for micro-scale energy harvesting, mega-scale energy harvesting, and self-powered systems, we will present a set of questions that need to be discussed and explored for applications of the TENG. Lastly, since the energy conversion efficiencies for each mode can be different although the materials are the same, depending on the triggering conditions and design geometry. But one common factor that determines the performance of all the TENGs is the charge density on the two surfaces, the saturation value of which may independent of the triggering configurations of the TENG. Therefore, the triboelectric charge density or the relative charge density in reference to a standard material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) can be taken as a measuring matrix for characterizing the performance of the material for the TENG.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JMCAET
                Journal of Materials Chemistry A
                J. Mater. Chem. A
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-7488
                2050-7496
                2018
                2018
                : 6
                : 7
                : 3108-3115
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Mechanical Engineering
                [2 ]Myongji University
                [3 ]Yongin
                [4 ]Republic of Korea
                [5 ]Kyung Hee University
                [6 ]Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science
                [7 ]Dongguk University
                [8 ]Seoul
                [9 ]Department of Physics
                [10 ]Ewha Womans University
                Article
                10.1039/C7TA09876F
                187060a0-5485-44c0-aa14-0c4a48877ad6
                © 2018

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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