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      The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidence search Translated title: A estratégia PICO para a construção da pergunta de pesquisa e busca de evidências Translated title: Estrategia PICO para la construcción de la pregunta de investigación y la búsqueda de evidencias

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          Abstract

          Evidence based practice is the use of the best scientific evidence to support the clinical decision making. The identification of the best evidence requires the construction of an appropriate research question and review of the literature. This article describes the use of the PICO strategy for the construction of the research question and bibliographical search.

          Translated abstract

          Prática baseada em evidências é a utilização da melhor evidência científica para subsidiar a tomada de decisão clínica. Identificar a melhor evidência requer adequada construção da pergunta de pesquisa e de revisão da literatura e este artigo descreve o uso da estratégia PICO para a construção da pergunta de pesquisa e busca bibliográfica.

          Translated abstract

          La práctica basada en evidencias permite la elección de la mejor evidencia científica para subsidiar la toma de decisión clínica. Para lo cual, se requiere de una adecuada construcción de la pregunta de investigación y de la revisión de la literatura. Este artículo describe el uso de la estrategia PICO para la construcción de la pregunta de investigación y la búsqueda bibliográfica.

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          Most cited references16

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          Evidence-based medicine.

          Evidence-based medicine, whose philosophical origins extend back to mid-19th century Paris and earlier, is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. By individual clinical expertise we mean the proficiency and judgment that we individual clinicians acquire through clinical experience and clinical practice. Increased expertise is reflected in many ways, but especially in more effective and efficient diagnosis and in the more thoughtful identification and compassionate use of individual patients' predicaments, rights, and preferences in making clinical decisions about their care. By best available external clinical evidence we mean clinically relevant research, often from the basic sciences of medicine, but especially from patient centered clinical research into the accuracy and precision of diagnostic tests (including the clinical examination), the power of prognostic markers, and the efficacy and safety of therapeutic, rehabilitative, and preventive regimens. External clinical evidence both invalidates previously accepted diagnostic tests and treatment and replaces them with new ones that are more powerful, more accurate, more efficacious, and safer. Good doctors use both individual clinical expertise and the best available external evidence, and neither alone is enough. Without clinical expertise, practice risks becoming tyrannized by external evidence, for even excellent external evidence may be inapplicable to or inappropriate for an individual patient. Without current best external evidence, practice risks becoming rapidly out of date, to the detriment of patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine is a process of life-long, self-directed learning in which caring for our own patients creates the need for clinically important information about diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and other clinical and health care issues, and in which we (1) convert these information needs into answerable questions; (2) track down, with maximum efficiency, the best evidence with which to answer them (whether from the clinical examination, the diagnostic laboratory from research evidence, or other sources); (3) critically appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and usefulness (clinical applicability); (4) integrate this appraisal with our clinical expertise and apply it in practice; and (5) evaluate our performance.
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            Popping the (PICO) question in research and evidence-based practice.

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              Principles of evidence based medicine.

              A Akobeng (2005)
              Health care professionals are increasingly required to base clinical decisions on the best available evidence. Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a systematic approach to clinical problem solving which allows the integration of the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. This paper explains the concept of EBM and introduces the five step EBM model: formulation of answerable clinical questions; searching for evidence; critical appraisal; applicability of evidence; evaluation of performance. Subsequent articles will focus on the principles and critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and provide a practical demonstration of the five step EBM model using a real life clinical scenario.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rlae
                Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
                Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem
                Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo (, SP, Brazil )
                0104-1169
                1518-8345
                June 2007
                : 15
                : 3
                : 508-511
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUniversity of São Paulo orgdiv1Medical School orgdiv2Hospital das Clínicas mrcnobre@ 123456usp.br
                [01] orgnameHospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz mamedio@ 123456usp.br
                [02] orgnameUniversity of São Paulo orgdiv1College of Nursing parpca@ 123456usp.br
                Article
                S0104-11692007000300023 S0104-1169(07)01500323
                189e8ace-4e2a-43fc-81be-215fc449d7d4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 March 2007
                : 05 July 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Updating Articles

                bases da datos bibliográficas,nursing,literatura de revisión,toma de decisiones,investigácion en enfermaría,medicina basada en evidencia,enfermería,bases de dados bibliográficas,literatura de revisão,tomada de decisões,pesquisa em enfermagem,medicina baseada em evidências,enfermagem,bibliographic databases,review literature,decision making,nursing research,evidence-based medicine

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