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      Intervenções de educação sexual em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática da literatura Translated title: Sex education interventions with teenagers: systematic literature review Translated title: Intervenciones para la educación sexual en los adolescentes: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

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          Abstract

          A precocidade da iniciação sexual associada ao aumento das taxas de IST entre os adolescentes exige uma intervenção por parte dos profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a eficácia das intervenções de educação sexual a nível do conhecimento/atitudes/comportamentos dos adolescentes. Para a análise este objetivo foi categorizado em três dimensões: métodos anticoncecionais, prevenção de IST/HIV e na prevenção da gravidez na adolescência. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL), feita pesquisa na base de dados MEDLINE e no alojador EBSCO, considerando a bibliografia publicada entre janeiro de 2008 e novembro de 2010. Dos 533 artigos pesquisados foram selecionados 13 estudos primários. Da análise dos estudos foi encontrada uma grande diversidade de metodologias implementadas, tendo sido privilegiado o contexto escolar para a sua aplicação. Os resultados relataram um aumento do conhecimento dos adolescentes sobre esta problemática e referiram uma melhoria nas suas atitudes/comportamentos face à exposição a condições de risco.

          Translated abstract

          Early sexual initiation and STI rates among adolescents require the careful attention of health professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of sex education interventions on knowledge / attitudes / behaviors of adolescents. Thus the analysis was categorized into three dimensions: use of contraceptives by adolescents, prevention of STI / HIV and preventing teen pregnancy. A Systematic Review (SR) approach was used. Bibliographic research was conducted using the MEDLINE database and EBSCO host search. This involved consultation of references published between January 2008 and November 2010, and 13 primary studies were included from the 533 references found. In conclusion, the articles reveal the adoption of different methodologies in interventions implemented; the school environment was the commonly-preferred context for intervention. Research findings reveal an increase in issue-specific knowledge amongst teenagers and some reports also noted an improvement in attitudes regarding exposure to risky behavior.

          Translated abstract

          La iniciación sexual precoz entre los adolescentes asociada al aumento de las tasas de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) exige una intervención por parte de los profesionales de la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la eficacia de las intervenciones en el contexto de la educación sexual sobre el conocimiento, actitudes y comportamientos de los adolescentes. Para ello, el análisis se clasificó en tres dimensiones: métodos anticonceptivos, prevención de las ITS / VIH y el embarazo en la adolescencia. El enfoque metodológico consistió en la revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL), con búsquedas en la base de datos MEDLINE y el alojador EBSCO, considerando la literatura publicada entre enero de 2008 y noviembre de 2010. De los 533 estudios seleccionados se incluyeron en la revisión 13 estudios primarios. En el análisis de estos estudios se encontró una gran variedad de metodologías utilizadas, en relación a cuyas aplicaciones predomina el contexto escolar.. Los resultados revelaron un aumento en el conocimiento de los adolescentes sobre este tema, así como una mejora en las actitudes y comportamientos de los adolescentes en la exposición a condiciones de riesgo.

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          Most cited references17

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          It's Your Game: Keep It Real: delaying sexual behavior with an effective middle school program.

          This study tested the effects of a theory-based, middle-school human immunodeficiency virus, STI, and pregnancy prevention program, It's Your Game: Keep it Real (IYG), in delaying sexual behavior. We hypothesized that the IYG intervention would decrease the number of adolescents who initiated sexual activity by the ninth grade compared with those in the comparison schools. The target population consisted of English-speaking middle school students from a large, urban, predominantly African-American and Hispanic school district in Southeast Texas. Ten middle schools were randomly assigned either to receive the intervention or to the comparison condition. Seventh-grade students were recruited and followed through ninth grade. The IYG intervention comprises 12 seventh-grade and 12 eighth-grade lessons that integrate group-based classroom activities with computer-based instruction and personal journaling. Ninth-grade follow-up surveys were completed by 907 students (92% of the defined cohort). The primary hypothesis tested was that the intervention would decrease the number of adolescents who initiated sexual activity by the ninth grade compared with those in the comparison schools. Almost one-third (29.9%, n=509) of the students in the comparison condition initiated sex by ninth grade compared with almost one-quarter (23.4%, n=308) of those in the intervention condition. After adjusting for covariates, students in the comparison condition were 1.29 times more likely to initiate sex by the ninth grade than those in the intervention condition. A theory-driven, multi-component, curriculum-based intervention can delay sexual initiation up to 24 months; can have impact on specific types of sexual behavior such as initiation of oral and anal sex; and may be especially effective with females. Future research must explore the generalizabilty of these results. Copyright 2010 Society for Adolescent Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Changes in sexual behavior following a sex education program in Brazilian public schools

            This paper describes an evaluation of possible changes in sexual behavior in adolescents who participated in a school-based sex education program in selected public schools in four municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The program is inserted within the context of reproductive rights, deals with risks involved in unsafe sexual practices and focuses on the positive aspects of sexuality. A quasi-experimental design with pre and post-tests and a non-equivalent control group was used to evaluate the intervention. A total of 4,795 questionnaires were included in this analysis. The program succeeded in more than doubling consistent condom use with casual partners and in increasing the use of modern contraceptives during last intercourse by 68%. The intervention had no effect on age at first intercourse or on adolescents' engagement in sexual activities. The sex education program was effective in generating positive changes in the sexual behavior of adolescents, while not stimulating participation in sexual activities.
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              Effects of the culturally-sensitive comprehensive sex education programme among Thai secondary school students.

              This paper reports on a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally-sensitive comprehensive sex education programme among Thai secondary school students. Increasing number of adolescents in Thailand have been engaging in premarital sex. No theory-based, abstinence-oriented models of sex education have been evaluated in this population. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2006-2007. Outcome measures included sexual behaviour, condom use, intention to refuse sex, intention to use condoms, and knowledge regarding sexually transmitted infections/human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pregnancy. Students in the experimental group had lower levels of reported sexual intercourse at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, compared with those in control group (P 0.05), although the intervention was associated with increased intention to use condoms (P < 0.01). Knowledge about sexually transmitted infections/human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pregnancy among students in the intervention group was significantly greater than that of the controls (P < 0.05). School nurses can play a major role by applying this kind of sex education programme. For nurse researchers, it would be useful to extend this research by considering alternative ways to foster condom use in the non-commercial partnerships that have become common among adolescents.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ref
                Revista de Enfermagem Referência
                Rev. Enf. Ref.
                Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra - Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde - Enfermagem (Coimbra )
                0874-0283
                July 2013
                : serIII
                : 10
                : 125-134
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz Portugal
                [2 ] Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra Portugal
                [3 ] Centro de Saúde Carregal do Sal
                Article
                S0874-02832013000200015
                10.12707/RIII1229
                18b11ad3-27a7-4466-a6c9-ec0e53e1043f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0874-0283&lng=en
                Categories
                NURSING

                Nursing
                STIs,gravidez na adolescência,adolescent,educação sexual,adolescente,teenage pregnancy,educación sexual,IST,sex education,embarazo en la adolescencia,ITS

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