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      Burden of dengue among febrile patients at the time of chikungunya introduction in Piedecuesta, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To estimate the age‐specific incidence of symptomatic dengue and chikungunya in Colombia.

          Method

          A passive facility‐based fever surveillance study was conducted among individuals with undifferentiated fever. Confirmatory diagnostics included serological and molecular tests in paired samples, and surveillance's underreporting was assessed using capture–recapture methods.

          Results

          Of 839 febrile participants 686 completed the study. There were 33.2% (295/839) dengue infections (51% primary infections), and 35.9% (191/532) of negative dengue cases there were chikungunya cases. On average, dengue cases were younger (median = 18 years) than chikungunya cases (median = 25 years). Thrombocytopaenia and abdominal pain were the main dengue predictors, while presence of rash was the main predictor for chikungunya diagnosis. Underreporting of dengue was 31%; the estimated expansion factors indicate an underreporting rate of dengue cases of threefold for all cases and of almost sixfold for inpatients.

          Conclusions

          These findings highlight the ongoing coexistence of both arboviruses, a distinct clinical profile of each condition in the study area that could be used by clinicians to generate a differential diagnosis, and the presence of underreporting, mostly among hospitalised cases.

          Translated abstract

          Objectif

          Estimer l'incidence selon l’âge de la dengue et du chikungunya symptomatiques en Colombie.

          Méthode

          Une étude de surveillance passive de la fièvre dans les établissements a été menée auprès d'individus présentant une fièvre indifférenciée. Les diagnostics de confirmation comprenaient des tests sérologiques et moléculaires sur des échantillons appariés et la sous‐déclaration dans la surveillance a été évaluée à l'aide de méthodes de capture‐recapture.

          Résultats

          Sur 839 participants fébriles, 686 ont terminé l’étude. Il y avait 33,2% (295/839) d'infections à la dengue (51% d'infections primaires) et 35,9% (191/532) des cas négatifs pour la dengue étaient des cas de chikungunya. En moyenne, les cas de dengue étaient plus jeunes (médiane = 18 ans) que les cas de chikungunya (médiane = 25 ans). La thrombocytopénie et les douleurs abdominales étaient les principaux facteurs prédictifs de la dengue, tandis que la présence d’éruptions cutanées était le principal facteur prédictif du diagnostic du chikungunya. La sous‐déclaration de la dengue était de 31%; les facteurs d'expansion estimés indiquent un taux de sous‐déclaration des cas de dengue de 3 fois pour tous les cas et de presque 6 fois pour les patients hospitalisés.

          Conclusions

          Ces résultats mettent en évidence la coexistence continue des deux arbovirus, un profil clinique distinct de chaque condition dans la zone d’étude qui pourrait être utilisé par les cliniciens pour générer un diagnostic différentiel et la présence de sous‐déclaration, principalement parmi les cas hospitalisés.

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          Most cited references23

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          The emergence of arthropod-borne viral diseases: A global prospective on dengue, chikungunya and zika fevers

          Highlights • Arboviruses are still expanding their geographic distribution and causing significant public health impact around the world. • DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV are mosquito-transmitted pathogens posing a threat to human health in many regions of the world. • Global travel and trade have facilitated the emergence of vector-borne diseases. • Surveillance of areas close to the forest is important to monitor the emergence of pathogens from their sylvatic cycle.
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            Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection.

            Infection with any of the 4 dengue virus serotypes results in a diverse range of symptoms, from mild undifferentiated fever to life-threatening hemorrhagic fever and shock. Given that dengue virus infection elicits such a broad range of clinical symptoms, early and accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient management. Virus detection and serological conversion have been the main targets of diagnostic assessment for many years, however cross-reactivity of antibody responses among the flaviviruses has been a confounding issue in providing a differential diagnosis. Furthermore, there is no single, definitive diagnostic biomarker that is present across the entire period of patient presentation, particularly in those experiencing a secondary dengue infection. Nevertheless, the development and commercialization of point-of-care combination tests capable of detecting markers of infection present during different stages of infection (viral nonstructural protein 1 and immunoglobulin M) has greatly simplified laboratory-based dengue diagnosis. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain in the clinical management of dengue-infected patients, especially in the absence of reliable biomarkers that provide an effective prognostic indicator of severe disease progression. This review briefly summarizes some of the complexities and issues surrounding clinical dengue diagnosis and the laboratory diagnostic options currently available.
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              Correcting for noncompliance and dependent censoring in an AIDS Clinical Trial with inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) log-rank tests.

              AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) randomized trial 021 compared the effect of bactrim versus aerosolized pentamidine (AP) as prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. Although patients randomized to the bactrim arm experienced a significant delay in time to PCP, the survival experience in the two arms was not significantly different (p = .32). In this paper, we present evidence that bactrim therapy improves survival but that the standard intent-to-treat comparison failed to detect this survival advantage because a large fraction of the subjects either crossed over to the other therapy or stopped therapy altogether. We obtain our evidence of a beneficial bactrim effect on survival by artificially regarding the subjects as dependently censored at the first time the subject either stops or switches therapy; we then analyze the data with the inverse probability of censoring weighted Kaplan-Meier and Cox partial likelihood estimators of Robins (1993, Proceedings of the Biopharmaceutical Section, American Statistical Association, pp. 24-33) that adjust for dependent censoring by utilizing data collected on time-dependent prognostic factors.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mabel.carabali@mail.mcgill.ca
                Journal
                Trop Med Int Health
                Trop. Med. Int. Health
                10.1111/(ISSN)1365-3156
                TMI
                Tropical Medicine & International Health
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1360-2276
                1365-3156
                19 September 2018
                November 2018
                : 23
                : 11 ( doiID: 10.1111/tmi.2018.23.issue-11 )
                : 1231-1241
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Global Dengue and Aedes‐transmitted Diseases Consortium International Vaccine Institute Seoul Korea
                [ 2 ] McGill University Montreal QC Canada
                [ 3 ] Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Corresponding Author Mabel Carabali, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Purvis Hall Room 17A, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada. Tel.:+1 514 404 8232/514 398 6258; E‐mail: mabel.carabali@ 123456mail.mcgill.ca
                Article
                TMI13147
                10.1111/tmi.13147
                6334506
                30176107
                1907cd54-e6b7-41f8-ae8f-b3222bd86934
                © 2018 The Authors. Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 5, Pages: 11, Words: 8570
                Funding
                Funded by: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
                Award ID: OPP1016669
                Funded by: Colombian Research Funding Agency for Science and Technology‐ COLCIENCIAS: Fondo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Sistema General de Regalías
                Award ID: BPIN 2013000100011
                Categories
                Original Article
                Original Research Papers
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                tmi13147
                November 2018
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.5.4 mode:remove_FC converted:16.01.2019

                Medicine
                dengue,chikungunya,colombia,disease incidence,fever surveillance,underreporting,clinical characterisation,colombie,incidence de la maladie,surveillance de la fièvre,sous‐déclaration,caractérisation clinique

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