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      Pubertätsstadium bei Konsumbeginn als Risikofaktor für späteren problematischen Alkoholkonsum: Elterliches Erziehungsverhalten als Schutzfaktor?

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Der frühzeitige Konsumbeginn gilt als gesicherter Risikofaktor für alkoholassoziierte Probleme im Erwachsenenalter. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht eine mögliche protektive Wirkung des elterlichen Erziehungsverhaltens auf diesen Zusammenhang. Methodik: Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurde bei 287 Jugendlichen (130 Jungen, 157 Mädchen) das Pubertätsstadium bei Alkoholerstkonsum (PUBA) bestimmt. Mit 19, 22, 23 und 25 Jahren wurden Parameter des aktuellen Trinkverhaltens erfasst. Elterliches Erziehungsverhalten (Supervision, Akzeptanz, Autonomiegewährung) wurde im Alter von 15 Jahren erhoben. Ergebnisse: Jugendliche, die während der Pubertät zum ersten Mal Alkohol tranken, konsumierten als junge Erwachsene deutlich mehr Alkohol und wiesen mehr alkoholassoziierte Probleme auf als Jugendliche, deren Erstkonsum in die Zeit der Postpubertät fiel. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde bei pubertären Erstkonsumenten durch eine Autonomie gewährende Erziehung abgepuffert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Rolle des Pubertätsstadiums bei Konsumbeginn als Risikofaktor sowie den moderierenden Einfluss des Erziehungsverhaltens auf den langfristigen Umgang mit Alkohol. Die Bedeutung des Elternverhaltens sollte in Präventionskonzepten stärker betont werden.

          Pubertal stage at first drink as a risk factor for harmful alcohol use in adulthood: is parenting a protective factor?

          Abstract. Aims: The pubertal stage at first drink has been shown to be a robust risk factor of subsequent alcohol-related problems during adulthood. The present investigation examines a possible protective function of parenting in this association. Methods: The pubertal stage at first drink was determined in 287 adolescents (130 male, 157 female) as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk. Then, at ages 19, 22, 23 and 25 years, information about current drinking patterns was obtained. Parenting behavior (supervision, acceptance, granting of autonomy) was assessed at the age of 15 years. Results: Adolescents, who had their first drink during puberty consumed higher rates of alcohol and had more alcohol-related problems in adulthood than those whose initial use occurred after puberty. This association was buffered by autonomy-granting parenting in pubertal first-time users. Conclusions: The present findings confirm the impact of the pubertal stage at first drink as a risk factor and a moderating influence of parental behavior on long-term alcohol use. Parenting behavior should be emphasized more in prevention concepts.

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          Most cited references26

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          Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: results from the national longitudinal alcohol epidemiologic survey

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            Validation of a self-administered instrument to assess stage of adolescent development.

            Drawings were made from Tanner's photographs illustrating five stages of development each for male genitalia, testicular size, male pubic hair, female breasts, and female pubic hair. Forty-seven females and forty-eight males aged 12-16 years indicated on questionnaires which stage they were most like, and answered other questions related to their physical development. Afterwards they were examined by physicians who had not seen their answers. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.6 or above for the physician's observations compared with the adolescents' answers for the drawings, with the exception of testicular size. Answers to questions concerning amount of underarm hair and general development also yielded high correlations.
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              Parenting factors associated with reduced adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

              To identify parenting strategies associated with adolescent alcohol consumption that parents can use to implement new national guidelines regarding alcohol consumption by people under the age of 18. A systematic search of academic literature employing the PRISMA method identified 77 relevant articles. Inclusion criteria for the review were (i) longitudinal cohort studies; (ii) measurement of one or more parenting factors during adolescence or pre-adolescence (between the ages of 8 and 17) as a predictor (iii) outcome measurement of any alcohol use and/or alcohol related problems during adolescence at least one time point after the initial parenting factor was measured, and/or problem drinking in adulthood. Studies were excluded if alcohol use was combined with other substance use or problem behaviour as an outcome variable, or if different parenting factors were combined as a single predictor variable for analysis. Stouffer's method of combining p values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable. Twelve parenting variables were investigated in these studies: parental modelling, provision of alcohol, alcohol-specific communication, disapproval of adolescent drinking, general discipline, rules about alcohol, parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, family conflict, parental support, parental involvement, and general communication. We found that delayed alcohol initiation was predicted by: parental modelling, limiting availability of alcohol to the child, parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, parental involvement and general communication. Reduced levels of later drinking by adolescents were predicted by: parental modelling, limiting availability of alcohol to the child, disapproval of adolescent drinking, general discipline, parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, parental support and general communication. A number of parenting strategies were identified that parents can use to reduce their adolescent's alcohol consumption. These could be promoted to parents to help them implement new national guidelines on alcohol use.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                suc
                SUCHT
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                0939-5911
                1664-2856
                2015
                : 61
                : 4
                : 203-212
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim/Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
                [ 2 ]Department Psychologie, Universität Potsdam
                Author notes
                Prof. Dr. Manfred Laucht, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5,, 68159 Mannheim, Deutschland
                Article
                suc_61_4_203
                10.1024/0939-5911.a000376
                190f7fb0-f574-4bb0-a55b-eecbcd532c77
                Copyright @ 2015
                History
                Categories
                Originalarbeit

                Medicine,Psychology,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Pubertät,Einstiegsalter,Age at first drink,alcohol use,puberty,parenting,longitudinal study,Alkoholkonsum,Erziehungsverhalten,Längsschnittstudie

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